1、南开大学考研基础英语真题 2007 年及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary and(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Although her initial success was _ by the fact she was the daughter of a famous actor, the critics later acclaimed her as a star in her own right.（分数：1.00）A.enhancedB.impededC.refutedD.superseded2.The primitive emo
2、tions of love and hate, even though extreme opposites, are found in varying degrees even in the most _ person.（分数：1.00）A.brackishB.sylvanC.beneficentD.defunct3.Can you believe that I won the photo contest with the _ of the two pictures that was most esthetic, even though I only tried to hang them wh
3、ere there were nails!（分数：1.00）A.pseudonynB.trappingsC.corollaryD.juxtaposition4.They had been dating for three years, but even though she pledged her allegiance, his _ made him suspect her veracity.（分数：1.00）A.autonomyB.cynicismC.conglomerateD.dexterity5._ that carried the tradition of 19th-century A
4、merican Realism to perhaps its highest level of achievement.（分数：1.00）A.Thomas EakinsB.It was the painter Thomas EakinsC.Thomas Eakins“ paintingsD.Why it was Thomas Eakins6.Perhaps we should think in terms of raising interest rates _ them, in consideration of the new reports about inflation reported
5、last June.（分数：1.00）A.then reducingB.and reduceC.although reduceD.rather than reducing7.From cave paintings and from _ on bone and reindeer horn, it is known that prehistoric humans were close observers of nature who carefully tracked the seasons and times of the year.（分数：1.00）A.apparently regular sc
6、ratchesB.scratching apparently regularlyC.regular scratches apparentlyD.scratches regular apparently8.Although he suffered from discrimination, Martin Luther King is a man who believed in reconciliation and only rarely _ a grudge during his Civil Rights movement（分数：1.00）A.he carriedB.did he carryC.w
7、hen he carriedD.that he carried9.The floods did not start to _ until two days after the rain had stopped.（分数：1.00）A.retireB.retreatC.recedeD.sink10.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was _ by the noise from the next room.（分数：1.00）A.dissuadedB.avertedC.repressedD.distracted11.Sharon is
8、 supposed to be here at nine o“clock. She _ about our meeting.（分数：1.00）A.would have forgottenB.should have forgottenC.ought to have forgottenD.must have forgotten12.Hotel rooms must be _ by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.（分数：1.00）A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced13.The committ
9、ee members resented _ them of the meeting（分数：1.00）A.the president that he did not tellB.the president not to informC.the president“s not informingD.the president that he failed informing14.Do you think that religion is _ with science?（分数：1.00）A.comparativeB.compatibleC.competitiveD.comparable15.But
10、the judge surprised the entire court when he stated, “The _ of the marriage contract invalidated it.“（分数：1.00）A.kithB.forgeryC.sybariteD.vanguard16.Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that _ disease resistance in neighboring plants（分数：1.00）A.contractsB.maintainsC.
11、prescribesD.activates17.It wasn“t so much that I disliked her _ that I just wasn“t interested in the whole business.（分数：1.00）A.ratherB.soC.thanD.as18.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _, particularly in Western Europe.（分数：1.00）A.obsoleteB.obscureC.optionalD.overlapping19
12、.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.（分数：1.00）A.nothing more thanB.everything exceptC.anything butD.no less than20.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _ and ne
13、eds proving.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the United States, it is required that all children attend school, public or private, for twelve years. There are 1 to this rule, of course, as in the case of certain religious or ethnic groups 2 edu
14、cation is only required 3 the eighth grade. And there are some groups of people that see no 4 to an education whatsoever and ignore this requirement altogether. But for most, and 5 so, a twelve-year education is the minimum In 6 of the complexity of our society and the changes taking 7 , one would t
15、hink that a person would need at least twelve years of education in order to cope. 8 , in recent years, a great many people have begun to question the purpose of having 9 education for twelve years. One 10 reason the question is being raised is the fact that an alarming number of young people who gr
16、aduate from the school systems are 11 to handle 12 , everyday tasks, such as reading a newspaper, filling out a job application or 13 a checkbook. These people are considered“ 14 illiterate“ by experts on the subject, who estimate that one out of five adults in the United States 15 in this category.
17、 Without 16 mastery of everyday skills, it is extremely difficult for these people to comprehend and deal with the demands 17 society. And as our language becomes more technical and the law more 18 , life in general can only become more frustrating. Of course, efforts are being made to correct the p
18、roblems as 19 agencies and colleges try to reach these people. But they are difficult to reach. Many are embarrassed by the situation and prefer to live 20 rather than correct the problem.（分数：10.00）A.examplesB.exercisesC.exceptionsD.excerptsA.whereB.whichC.thatD.in thatA.untilB.ofC.fromD.byA.aimB.pr
19、oposalC.purposeD.meaningA.entirelyB.reasonablyC.greatlyD.correctlyA.lightB.opinionC.lo0kD.viewA.onB.placeC.outD.considerationA.FurthermoreB.ThoughC.HoweverD.BesidesA.compulsoryB.forcedC.formalD.completeA.inadequateB.bigC.largeD.mainA.ableB.capableC.unableD.incapableA.futileB.littleC.urgentD.simpleA.
20、casingB.writingC.sendingD.balancingA.physicallyB.mentallyC.practicallyD.functionallyA.classifiesB.dropsC.fallsD.entersA.theBaC.anyD.muchA.ofB.forC.fromD.byA.strictB.complexC.rigidD.soundA.variableB.variantC.variousD.varyingA.withB.withoutC.onD.along三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题
21、数：1，分数：8.00)William Sydney Porter (18611910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina“s school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was licensed pharmacist. However, wi
22、thin a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father“s, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster“s Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter gained a knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into m
23、any of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit of calling “Oh, Henry“ to a family cat. In 1887, Porter married Athol Estes. He worked as draftsman, then as a bank teller for th
24、e First National Bank. In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the Rolling Stone, a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzl
25、ed funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife“s continued ill-health; however she died six months later. Then, in 1898 porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the ag
26、e of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym now used to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, an after re-gaining his f
27、reedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America“s favorite short story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry“s stories have been translated all ove
28、r the world.（分数：8.00）(1).Why did the author write the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is a tragic story of a gifted writer.B.To outline the career of a famous American.C.Because of his fame as America“s favorite short storywriter.D.To outline the influences on O. Henry“s writing.(2).According to the p
29、assage, Porter“s father was _.（分数：2.00）A.responsible for his move to La Salle County in TexasB.the person who gave him a life-long love booksC.a medical doctorD.a licensed pharmacist(3).The word “allegedly“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.supposedlyB.reportedlyC.wronglyD
30、.mistakenly(4).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Both of Porter“s wives died before he died.B.Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist.C.Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called “Rolling Stone“.D.The first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Au
31、stin.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Art, like words, is a form of communication. Words, spoken and written, render accessible to humans of the latest generations all the knowledge discovered by the experience and reflection, both of preceding generations and of the best and foremost minds of their own
32、times. Art renders accessible to people of the latest generations all the feelings experienced by their predecessors, and those already felt by their best and foremost contemporaries. Just as the evolution of knowledge proceeds by dislodging and replacing that which is mistaken, so to the evolution
33、of feeling proceeds through art. Feelings less kind and less necessary for the well-being of humankind are replaced by others kinder and more essential to that end. This is the purpose of art, and the more art fulfills that purpose the better the art; the less it fulfills it, the worse the art.（分数：6
34、.00）(1).The author develops the passage primarily by _.（分数：2.00）A.theory and refutationB.example and generalizationC.comparison and contrastD.inference and deduction(2).According to the author, knowledge is _.（分数：2.00）A.evolutionary and emotionalB.cumulative an progressiveC.static and unmovingD.dyna
35、mic and cyclical(3).According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.art is a form of communicationB.art helps to refine sensibilitiesC.art is a repository of experienceD.real art can never be bad六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：12.00)A growing taste for shark steaks and shark-fin
36、 soup has for the first time in 400 million years put the scourge of the sea at the wrong end of the food chain. Commercial landings of this toothsome fish have doubled every year since 1986, and shark populations are plunging. It is hardly a case of good riddance. Sharks do for gentler fish what li
37、ons do for the wildebeest; they check populations by feeding on the weak. Also, sharks apparently do not get cancer and may therefore harbor clues to the nature of the disease. Finally, there is the issue of motherhood. Sharks are viviparous. That is, they bear their young alive and swimming (not se
38、aled in eggs) after gestation periods lasting from nine months to two years. Shark mothers generally give birth to litters of from eight to twelve pups and bear only one litter every other year. This is why sharks have one of the lowest fecundity rates in the ocean. The female cod, for example, spaw
39、ns annually and lays a few million eggs at a time. If three quarters of the cod were to be fished this year, they could be back in full force in a few years. But if humans took that big of a bite out of the sharks, the population would not recover for 15 years. So, late this summer, if all goes acco
40、rding to plan, the shark will join the bald eagle and the buffalo on the list of managed species. The federal government will cap the U.S. commercial catch at 5,800 metric tons, about half of the 1989 level, and limit sportsmen to two sharks per boat. Another provision discourages finning, the harve
41、sting of shark fins alone, by limiting the weight of fins to 7 percent of that of all the carcasses. Finning got under the skin of environmentalists, and the resulting anger helped to mobilize support for the new regulations. Finning itself is a fairly recent innovation. Shark fins contain noodlelik
42、e cartilaginous tissues that Chinese chefs have traditionally used to thicken and flavor soup. Over the past few years rising demand in Hong Kong has made the fins be worth considerably more to the fisherman than the average price of about $10 a pound. But can U.S. quotas save shark species that wan
43、der the whole Atlantic? The blue shark, for example, migrates into the waters of something like 23 countries. John G.“ Casey, a biologist with the National Marine Fishheries Service Research Center in Narragansett, R.I., admits that international coordination will eventually be necessary, but he sup
44、ports U.S. quotas as a first step in mobilizing to other nations. Meanwhile the commercial fishermen are not waiting for the new rules to take effect. “There is a pre-quota rush on sharks,“ Casey says, “and it“s going on as we speak.“（分数：12.00）(1).According to the passage, shark populations are at g
45、reater risk than cod populations because _.（分数：2.00）A.sharks are now being eaten more than codB.the shark reproduction rate is lower than that of the codC.sharks are quickly becoming fewer in numberD.sharks are now as scarce as bald eagles and buffalo(2).According to the passage, a decrease in shark
46、 populations _. . might cause some fish populations to go unchecked . would hamper cancer research . to one-quarter the current level would take over a decade to recover from（分数：2.00）A. onlyB. onlyC. and onlyD. and only(3).If the species Homo logicus was determined to be viviparous and to have extre
47、mely low fecundity rates on land, we might expect that _.（分数：2.00）A.Homo logicus could overpopulate its niche and should be controlledB.Homo logicus might be declared and endangered speciesC.Homo logicus would pose no danger to other species and would itself be in no dangerD.none of these events wou
48、ld be expected with certainty(4).Which one of the following best describes the author“s attitude toward the efforts to protect shark populations?（分数：2.00）A.Strong advocateB.Impartial observerC.OpposedD.Perplexed(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _. . research efforts on cancer will be hind
49、ered . if shark populations are threatened, U.S. quotas on shark fishing will have limited effectiveness in protecting certain species . Some practices of Chinese chefs have angered environmentalists（分数：2.00）A. onlyB. onlyC. and onlyD. and only(6).An irony resulting from the announcement that sharks will be placed on the managed list is _.（分数：2.00）A.we will now find out less about cancer, so in effect by saving the sha
