1、考博英语-504 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part I Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：7.50)The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty odd years of eager activity, was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Conco
2、rd fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problems of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him, to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossiblet
3、o imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Po
4、nd and set about the high business of living, “to front only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.“ He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concernig the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But tha
5、t a satisfying life should be lived, he was virtually concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economies that studied saving in order t
6、o spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life which is required in exchange for it, immediatey or in the long r
7、un. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: “The only wealth is life.（分数：7.50）(1).The main idea of this paragraph is best expressed as _.（分数：1.50）A.problems of economicsB.Thoreaus philosophyC.Walden, Thoreaus greatest bookD.how Thoreau saved money(2).Thoreaus chief aim in life was to _.（分数：1.50）A.dis
8、cover a satisfactory economyB.do as little work as possibleC.convert others to his way of lifeD.write about Nature(3).Thoreaus solution to the problem of living was to _.（分数：1.50）A.study natureB.make other men work for himC.work in a millD.live in a simple way(4).According to Thoreau, the wealth of
9、an individual is measured by _.（分数：1.50）A.the money he makesB.the experience be gainsC.the amount he savesD.the books he writes(5).In Thoreaus opinion, the price of a thing should be measured in terms of _.（分数：1.50）A.pleasureB.effortC.moneyD.life三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Montaignes hold on his reade
10、rs arises from many causes. There is his frank and curious self-delineation. That interests, because it is the revelation of a very peculiar nature. Then there is the positive value of separate thoughts imbedded in iris strange whimsicality and humor. Lastly, there is the perennial charm of style, w
11、hich is never a separate quality, but rather the amalgam and issue of all the mental and moral qualities in a mans possession, and which bears the same relation to these that light bears to the mingled elements that make up the orb of the sun. And style, after all, rather than thought, is the immort
12、al thing in literature. In literature, the charm of style is indefinable, yet all subduing, just as fine manners are in social life. In reality, it is not of so much consequence what you say, as how you say it. Memorable sentences are memorable on account of some irradiating word. “But Shadwell neve
13、r deviates into sense, for instance.“ Young Roscius, in his provincial barn, will repeat you the great soliloquy of Hamlet, and although every word may be given with tolerable correctness, you find it just as commonplace as himself. The great actor speaks it, and you “read Shakespeare as by a flash
14、of lightning“. And it is in Montaignes style, in the strange freaks and turnings of his thought, his constant surprises, his curious alternations of humor and melancholy, his careless, familiar form of address, and the grace with which everything is done, that his charm lies, and which makes the hun
15、dredth perusal of him as pleasant as the first.（分数：7.50）(1).Literature lives because of the authors _.（分数：1.50）A.ideasB.humorC.surprisesD.style(2).Montaigne revealed _.（分数：1.50）A.fine mannersB.a peculiar natureC.a formal styleD.irradiating words(3).Shadwell is described as _.（分数：1.50）A.literaryB.foo
16、lishC.straightforwardD.sensible(4).Roscius reading of Hamlet is poor because he himself is _.（分数：1.50）A.a farmerB.an actorC.incorrectD.ordinary(5).According to the author, style includes all of the items below EXCEPT _.（分数：1.50）A.familiarityB.surpriseC.thoughtsD.contrast四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Man
17、y critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family disso
18、lution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly?
19、 The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a functi
20、on of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relati
21、ve dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic “cement“ holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain function society regards as vital, a complex network of social and lega
22、l buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e. g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.Marital stabili
23、ty is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners social economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To t
24、he extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this
25、 is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized alimony payments.（分数：7.50）(1).Some
26、criticize the current welfare regulations because _.（分数：1.50）A.those regulations encourage family dissolutionB.the low-income families are not given enough family assistance grantsC.they expand the set of families eligible for family assistanceD.the guaranteed income measures are increased(2).Accord
27、ing to this passage, family stability depends on _.（分数：1.50）A.the couples earning abilityB.the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriageC.how much possessions the couple have before marriageD.a network of social and legal support(3).All of the following are mentioned by the author
28、as factors tending to perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT _.（分数：1.50）A.the stigma attached to divorceB.the social class of the partnersC.the cost of alimony and child supportD.the loss of property upon divorce(4).The author argues that _.（分数：1.50）A.the agreement between couples reinforce marital stabilityB
29、.expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stabilityC.AFDC regulations are to blame for family instabilityD.public assistance upsets the balance between benefits and costs of marriage(5).The tone of the passage can best be described as _.（分数：1.50）A.confident and optimisticB.scientific and deta
30、chedC.discouraged and alarmedD.polite and sensitive五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：7.50)The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of t
31、he previous day melted, felt myself rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and dear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheetsI called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Rightand invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed th
32、e problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, but I didnt have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and w
33、hat steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and Mother said we couldnt afford one till Father came back from the war because it cost
34、seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldnt afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and Mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys baby would have done us fine.Having
35、 settled my plans for the day, I got up, put a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which we
36、re all still shadow, while those on our side of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seam unfamiliar, stiff and painted.After that I went into Mothers room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I neve
37、r seem to have noticed it, I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I tallied until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.（分数：7.50）(1).How did the author feel early in the morning?（分数：1.50）A.He felt frig
38、htened by the war.B.He felt cheerful.C.He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.D.He felt burdened with responsibilities.(2).When he woke up in the morning, he would _.（分数：1.50）A.visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. RightB.roll up the curtainsC.try to work out his plans for the dayD.make Mrs. Left
39、argue with Mrs. Right(3).What did the author think of his mother?（分数：1.50）A.She was stubborn.B.She was poor.C.She was not very intelligent.D.She did not love him very muc(4).Where was the authors father during the war?（分数：1.50）A.He was out on business.B.He was working in another town.C.He went trave
40、ling.D.He was fighting in the front.(5).In which month did the story probably take place?（分数：1.50）A.In January.B.In September.C.In December.D.In November.六、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.In times of war, we must take precautions against acts of _ as well as of direct violence.（分数：0.50）A.viciousne
41、ssB.sabotageC.pretextD.hatefulness2.Such an _ act of hostility can only lead to war.（分数：0.50）A.overtB.opportunisticC.occadionalD.unequaled3.After graduation, he was _ to a teaching post. But a year later, he resigned from the job and plunged himself into business.（分数：0.50）A.dominatedB.dispersedC.des
42、ignatedD.displaced4.The spring floods had washed away the bridge, we were forced to take a _ route.（分数：0.50）A.circularB.fantasticC.dampD.circuitous5.I can think of nothing more _ than arriving at the theater and discovering that I have left the tickets at home.（分数：0.50）A.viciousB.invitingC.vexatious
43、D.immoral6.We were unable to reach a decision because we felt that the speaker had been and had avoided answering many of our questions.（分数：0.50）A.noncommitalB.practicalC.contentiousD.unprepared7.In his researches on _ diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.（分
44、数：0.50）A.inheritedB.chronicC.infectiousD.pulmonary8.The pilot made an unexpected _ because of engine trouble.（分数：0.50）A.conclusionB.crashC.victoryD.landing9.The ditry tricks played upon the Secretary of the State are _ by the high ranking officials behind the scenes.（分数：0.50）A.reckonedB.meddledC.man
45、ipulatedD.signified10.Despite all the reports of physicians and health authorities, some individuals find that cigarette smoking is _.（分数：0.50）A.habit-formingB.harmfulC.stimulatingD.maligant11.My mother tried to _ a little money each month for his summer ruction.（分数：0.50）A.put forwardB.set asideC.br
46、ing aboutD.make for12.The seminar, _ by the Nobel Prize winner, probes the problem of wildlife extinction in African countries.（分数：0.50）A.convenedB.acquaintedC.incurredD.hauled13.He planned to go to France to _ his art of painting.（分数：0.50）A.cut outB.come byC.brush upD.make up14.Edisons retook that
47、genius is “one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration“ demonstrates that the _ worker is valuable.（分数：0.50）A.inspiredB.assiduousC.perspiredD.eager15.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.（分数：0.50
48、）A.fadB.necessityC.trendD.nuisance16.They greeted his proposal with _ and refused to give it serious study.（分数：0.50）A.incredulityB.ficklenessC.derisionD.intensity17.The great _ that have influenced the worlds thinkers came not from committees but from individuals who groped for the truth in independ
49、ent research.（分数：0.50）A.obeservationsB.generalizationC.manifestationD.catastrophes18.In an allergic reaction, the immune system mistakenly _ a harmless substance as a harmful one.（分数：0.50）A.translatesB.dubsC.interpretsD.produces19.When the news of his _ with the enemy became known, he was hanged in effigy.（分数：0.50）A.involementB.conversationsC.collusionD.complacency20.The worlds first national par
