1、考博英语-472 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.During his 12 years in Congress he has _ with the chemical, drug and power companies on behalf of the ordinary persons right to breathe clean air.（分数：0.50）A.capsizedB.actuatedC.tussledD.fidgeted2.The house is nearly finished but
2、 the windows haven t been _ yet.（分数：0.50）A.gloatedB.glaredC.glazedD.glanced3.Your advice would be _ valuable to him, since he is now at his wits end.（分数：0.50）A.excessivelyB.exceedinglyC.extensivelyD.exclusively4.We should be able to do the job for you quickly, _ you give us all the necessary informa
3、tion.（分数：0.50）A.in caseB.as ifC.or elseD.provided that5.Linda did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her experiment.（分数：0.50）A.to prepareB.to be preparedC.being preparedD.preparing6.Women often are swayed to buy a product for reasons far different than those tha
4、t drive men.（分数：0.50）A.fluctuatedB.shieldedC.praisedD.fulfilled7.To solve such a difficult problem is really _ my grasp.（分数：0.50）A.beyondB.out ofC.beneathD.away from8.When the workers are organized in trade unions, their employers find it hard to lay them _ .（分数：0.50）A.outB.upC.offD.down9.Within the
5、 next 20 years, various regions of the world may experience severe changes in climate. Some may be vulnerable to longer droughts, others to more coastal flooding.（分数：0.50）A.immuneB.capableC.intriguingD.exposed10.The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midlife crisis was on
6、the end of a Ferrari are gone.（分数：0.50）A.shortenB.better offC.keep away fromD.strive for11.Mr. Murray remains a devout supporter of the new theory.（分数：0.50）A.an ardentB.a leadingC.an influentialD.a coal12.An outside adviser has been brought in to _ the dispute between the management and the union.（分
7、数：0.50）A.arbitrateB.legitimizeC.lugD.earmark13.He met many diminutive people in the jungle during his adventure in Afric（分数：0.50）A.A. slow-wittedB. tinyC. strangeD. wide14.Dont throw _ the sponge yet! You may still have a chance to win!（分数：0.50）A.byB.inC.onD.for15.Passengers are offered money to _ t
8、heir seats when planes are overbooked.（分数：0.50）A.vaultB.vacateC.wieldD.vouchsafe16.It isnt so much his wifes appearance Peter likes _ her property.（分数：0.50）A.inB.forC.asD.than17.Instead of telling it like it is, were learning to present things in a more temperate way.（分数：0.50）A.moderateB.conservativ
9、eC.exaggeratedD.contemporary18.The groups that dont want us to eat any animals at all are so radical and off-the-wall that we dont even worry about them.（分数：0.50）A.crazyB.reasonableC.persuasiveD.revealing19.Andrew, my mothers elder brother, will not be at the family party, _ to the familys disappoin
10、tment.（分数：0.50）A.moreB.muchC.too muchD.much more20.Most banks offer _ facilities to students, to help them when they run short of money.（分数：0.50）A.oversightB.overseeingC.overdoseD.overdraft21.Most people found it hard to believe that such a seemingly _ man should have one that wicked thing.（分数：0.50）
11、A.respectingB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respectable22.He was stabbed with a bayonet by his enemy.（分数：0.50）A.spadeB.rifleC.daggerD.spear23._ to speak when the audience interrupted him.（分数：0.50）A.Hardly did he beginB.No sooner had he begunC.Not until be begunD.Scarcely had he begun24._ is a slightly sou
12、r thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes sweetened and flavored with fruit and sometimes eaten plain.（分数：0.50）A.YenB.YankeeC.YogurtD.Yoga25.Your left _ hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.（分数：0.50）A.agileB.cerebralC.maniacD.overbearing26.“You are very selfi
13、sh. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world,“ Edgar said to his boss angrily.（分数：0.50）A.realizeB.have realizedC.realizedD.should realize27.Since the Second World War, most urban growth in the United States has occurred _ of existing metropolitan areas.（分数：0.50）A.o
14、n the outskirtsB.on the outskirtC.on outskirtsD.on outskirt28.What is vexing the Bush administration and other public-health professionals is the fact that the United States is not particularly well prepared in the event a bird flu pandemic does strike in the near future.（分数：0.50）A.ticklingB.encoura
15、gingC.annoyingD.calming29.Is it more truly democratic to hold a _, rather than let the government alone decide an important issue.（分数：0.50）A.reincarnationB.referendumC.refineryD.regression30.What will continue to be _ it is today-next in importance to oxygen?（分数：0.50）A.howB.whichC.whatD.as31.After t
16、he surface is polished, a design is _ or painted.（分数：0.50）A.incisedB.evictedC.gurgledD.rustled32.It is better to die on ones feet than _ .（分数：0.50）A.living on ones kneesB.to live on ones kneesC.lived on ones kneesD.live on ones knees33.William never lends himself to _ at cards.（分数：0.50）A.gamblingB.g
17、ambleC.having gambledD.have gambled34.By the year 2010, scientists probably _ an effective treatment for cancer.（分数：0.50）A.will have discoveredB.are discoveringC.will be discoveringD.have discovered35.The Chinese government is determined to go _ the established policy of developing agriculture.（分数：0
18、.50）A.afterB.onC.aheadD.by36.Weather _ , our family can go to the grassland in Inner Mongolia and stay with herdsmen for a few days.（分数：0.50）A.to permitB.permitsC.permittingD.permitted37.He was born in Yamagata _, north of Tokyo.（分数：0.50）A.preferenceB.prefectC.predilectionD.prefecture38.The cards co
19、st a penny apiece.（分数：0.50）A.for twoB.as a groupC.eachD.altogether39.Lindas friends were all concerned _ books and music.（分数：0.50）A.withB.ofC.forD.at40.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise.（分数：0.50）A.being thereB.there having beenC.there wasD.shou
20、ld there be二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)More than a quarter of American children-and half of black children-belong to families too poor to fully qualify for the 1,000-a-year child tax credit, which President Bush signed four years ago and has cited in arguing that h
21、is program of sweeping tax cuts helps low-income families, a new study has found. With an annual value of $47 billion, the credit is the governments largest childrens subsidy and one that has provoked sharp partisan fights. Many conservatives, viewing it solely as a tax cut, want to reserve the cred
22、it for families that owe federal income tax. Many liberals, vie-wing it as a broader childrens allowance, want to extend it to poorer workers, who they say need it most.Still, the study found that the families of 19.5 million children were too poor to receive the full 1,000 benefit. About half get a
23、 partial benefit, and half get nothing. Newt Gingrich, the former Republican House speaker, expressed surprise at the racial gap. “Thats a stunning number,“ he said, referring to the half of black children who fail to receive the full credit. “Id find a way to make sure those kids get the money as p
24、art of a broader post-Hurricane Katrina plan.“Framed as middle-class tax relief, the credit passed in 1997 and offered 500 per child to families that owed income tax. It was doubled in 2001 and made partly available to families too poor to have income tax bills. Len Burman, a co-director of the tax
25、center and the studys author, said it might actually exaggerate the amount going to the poor since it assumed all eligible families received the credit. In practice, studies suggest that poor and minority families claim tax credits at lower rates.Told of the study, which will be published Monday, so
26、me conservatives repeated their opposition to making the credit more of an antipoverty program. Mr. Mitchell said that low-wage workers received a total of 39 billion a year from a similar program, the earned income tax credit. “Its not like theyre not getting any redistribution from the government,
27、“ he said. “We want less income redistribution, not more.“ Both sides in child tax credit debate have cast their arguments in moral terms. “The income gap is wide and growing,“ Ms. Snowe said. “Were talking about giving a helping hand to families who through no fault of their own are at or near pove
28、rty.“ Mr. Mitchell of the Heritage Foundation said income redistribution was morally problematic, since it punished people for economic success. He also called it economically inefficient, arguing that it discouraged work among both rich and poor.（分数：5.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragra
29、ph?（分数：1.00）A.Conservatives and liberals have basically come to an agreement on child tax credit.B.Bushs program of sweeping tax cuts helps low-income families in a real sense.C.Many conservatives argue child tax credit should be used for qualified families.D.Many liberals intend child tax credit fo
30、r the poorer workers instead of children.(2).The expression “. families that owe income tax“ in Paragraph 3 refer to those that _ .（分数：1.00）A.are too poor to pay any taxB.have income tax billsC.are minority familiesD.have very low income(3).Why do many conservatives repeat their idea about child tax
31、 credit after getting in-formed of the study?（分数：1.00）A.They are deeply concerned about child tax credit.B.They think the public will oppose them.C.They think income redistribution unfair.D.They think child tax credit is problemati(4).Who holds the opinion of liberals?（分数：1.00）A.Len Burman.B.Mr. Mit
32、chell.C.Newt Gingrich.D.Ms. Snow(5).What is the authors attitude toward the different opinions on child tax credit?（分数：1.00）A.Neutral.B.Contrary to the liberals.C.Inconsistent.D.Contrary to the conservatives.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)An investigation of the circulation of blood in the eyes of dive
33、r has produced the strongest evidence that tissue damage caused by diving is more common and more severe than had been previously thought. Of the 26 professional divers studied, all had abnormal retinas. None of the divers taking part in the study had visual problems as a result of their damaged ret
34、inas but Alan Bird of Moorfields Eye Hospital in London said that he “would not be surprised to find divers whose damage has progressed far enough to affect their vision“.Evidence has mounted during recent years to show that exposure to pressure during diving subtly damages the central nervous syste
35、m. Doctors believe that the damage is due to obstruction in the flow of blood through the tissues. People who take up diving as a sport know they are at risk of getting “the bends“ or an air embolism, but if they follow the correct procedures, the risk is very low. All professional divers know they
36、also run the risk of bone necrosis. About 5 per cent of them develop small dead patches in their bones. Active professional divers have their thighs and upper arms X-rayed as part of their annual medical examination.Doctors have been concerned diving-caused dead patches to appear on bones; other tis
37、sues may be suffering a similar fate. Their concern increased in the early 1950s. Detailed neurological examinations and tests of the memory and reactions of experienced professional divers suggested that some of them might have slight damage to the brain and spinal cord. In order to determine the s
38、ize of the problem, the researchers needed a method of looking for the damage in a large sample of divers that did not involve surgery. The damage which occurs in the tissue of both the bones and the nerves of divers is similar. Damages of the retina which doctors can see using the technique are kno
39、wn as retinal angiography. The process involves injecting fluorocein dye into the blood stream and photographing the back of the eye through the pupil. The technique can provide a detailed photograph of the two vascular systems supplying blood to their retina without causing too much discomfort to t
40、he patient.The researchers suggested three mechanisms to explain how diving causes this obstruction. When divers come back to the surface, air bubbles sometimes form in their lungs. Bubbles forming in the lungs trigger changes in the bodys clotting mechanism which could result in minute clots. The r
41、esearchers hope that clues to the cause of the obstruction will come from investigations into the individual differences between divers. Some of the divers studied had relatively little damage even though they had been diving for many years and done a great deal of deep diving. On the other hand, a
42、few inexperienced divers had quite extensive damage.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the article, _ .（分数：1.00）A.low blood pressure can cause eye problems in diversB.diving is becoming more and more dangerousC.eyes can be severely harmed as a result of divingD.many divers experience approximately 50% vision
43、 loss(2).Approximately 5 per cent of professional divers _ .（分数：1.00）A.develop bone necrosisB.have annual bone X-raysC.get the “bends“D.are nervous when diving(3).Damage to the retina is caused by _ .（分数：1.00）A.obstructions to blood circulationB.loss of pigment in the epitheliumC.pressure on the cen
44、tral nervous systemD.All of the above(4).Retinal angiography _ .（分数：1.00）A.involves the injection of fluorocein dye into the pupilB.provides graphic information about blood supply to retinasC.causes considerable discomfort to the patientD.none of the above(5).According to the article, _ .（分数：1.00）A.
45、the more experienced divers are the less eye damage they haveB.divers experience rigidity during divingC.differences between individual divers obstructed researchers workD.eye damage can also occur in novice divers五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Is Wal-Mart going wobbly? Over the past couple of weeks,
46、 Americas largest company-linchpin of the low-wage, no-benefit economy that is increasingly the norm in America-has announced some surprising reversals of course. In a series of speeches and interviews, chief executive H. Lee Scott unveiled four initiatives that he clearly hopes will polish the comp
47、anys increasingly tarnished image. Wal-Mart, he said, will shift to more environmentally responsible practices-demanding better packaging of its products. It will offer more affordable health insurance to its employees, cutting the monthly premium in some cases to just 11. It will monitor the enviro
48、nmental and health and safety practices of its foreign suppliers. And it will lobby for a higher federal minimum wage.Scotts timing is anything but accidental. The sweatshop conditions in which thou-sands of employees of Wal-Marts suppliers routinely work, and the depressive effect that Wal-Mart has
49、 on working-class living standards here in the United States, are receiving increasing scrutiny-enough to impede the companys growth. Wal-Marts at-tempts to open stores in the major cities of the Northeast and West Coast have been largely checked by a coalition of fearful and irate unions, smaller retailers, churches and liberal activists. Wal-Marts stock is down
