1、考博英语-470 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.That sound doesnt _ in his language, so its difficult for him to pronounce it.（分数：0.50）A.happenB.occurC.haveD.take place2.My boss insists on seeing everything in _ before he makes a decision.（分数：0.50）A.black and blueB.red and bl
2、ueC.black and whiteD.green and yellow3.At the meeting, Smith argued _ in favor of the proposal.（分数：0.50）A.severelyB.warmlyC.forcefullyD.heavily4.A lorry _ Janes cat and sped away.（分数：0.50）A.ran overB.ran intoC.ran throughD.ran down5.In Britain people _ four million tons of potatoes every year.（分数：0.
3、50）A.swallowB.disposeC.consumeD.exhaust6.In no country _ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（分数：0.50）A.other thanB.more thanC.better thanD.rather than7.The work is not very profitable _ cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.（分数：0.50）
4、A.in the light ofB.according toC.on the basis ofD.in terms of8.In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to 30 million.（分数：0.50）A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course9.He doesnt seem to be able to _ any interest in his studies.（分数：0.50）A.make upB.work upC.turn upD.use up10.Its
5、 often a mistake to _ appearance; that poor-looking individual is anything but poor. In fact, he is a millionaire.（分数：0.50）A.go overB.go byC.go againstD.go for11.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _.（分数：0.50）A.appreciatedB.approvedC.appealedD.applied12.The precious manuscrip
6、ts were hopelessly _ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.（分数：0.50）A.ruinedB.damagedC.destroyedD.harmed13.His attention often _ at lectures. No wonder he failed the exam.（分数：0.50）A.branchedB.wonderedC.wanderedD.went out14.He is _ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next ye
7、ar.（分数：0.50）A.optimisticB.optionalC.outstandingD.obvious15.The board of the company has decided to _ its operation to include all aspects of the Clothing business.（分数：0.50）A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify16.The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described a
8、bove.（分数：0.50）A.withinB.toC.byD.at17.In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.（分数：0.50）A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast18.Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：0.50）A.take i
9、nto accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out19.The accommodation was cheap, but the food was very _.（分数：0.50）A.highB.costlyC.dearD.overpaid20.The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.（分数：0.50）A.atB.inC.ofD.with二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In order to work here the foreigner needs
10、 a work permit, which must be (21) for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to (22) or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be (23) about it, it would be extremely unwise (24) a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since
11、anyone doing so is (25) to immediate deportation. There are some (26) to this rule, most notably people from the Common Market countries, who are (27) to work without permits and who are often given (28) residence permits of up to five years. Some (29) people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, a
12、uthors and others, can work without (30) The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are (31) but (32) it is administered, and the people who administer it.An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor (33) these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor h
13、as the (34) to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. (35) the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.（分数：15.00）A.appliedB.madeC.askedD.waitA.allowB.admitC.presentD.grantA.madeB.doneC.explainedD.talkedA.forB.toC.asD.inA.aptB.likelyC.li
14、ableD.inclinedA.exemptionsB.exceptionsC.extractionsD.expositionsA.prescribedB.qualifiedC.entitledD.certifiedA.temporaryB.immediatelyC.eternalD.nextA.moreB.fewerC.othersD.otherA.permitsB.askC.acceptsD.doneA.unfairB.fairC.justD.justifyA.the wayB.thatC.the timeD.whatA.out ofB.toC.fromD.offA.honorB.forc
15、eC.rightD.authorityA.WhileB.ButC.AlthoughD.And三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness
16、then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, rai
17、sing children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement.Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite
18、painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describ
19、e raising children, But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote
20、more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money; buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun act
21、ually may not be happy at all.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _.（分数：2.00）A.he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears i
22、t will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement(2).Raising children, in the authors opinion, is_.（分数：2.00）A.a moral dutyB.a thankless jobC.a rewarding taskD.a source of inevitable pain(3).From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _.（分数：2.00）A.hatredB.misunderstanding
23、C.prejudiceD.ignorance(4).To understand what true happiness is, one must_.（分数：2.00）A.have as much run as possible during ones lifetimeB.make every effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain .under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun(5).What is the author trying t
24、o tell us?（分数：2.00）A.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.B.One must know how to attain happiness.C.It is important to make commitments.D.It is pain that leads to happiness.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It is ta
25、king place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in
26、 the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expan
27、ding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I dont
28、 hear people in the academy saying “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才)“ (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campu
29、s has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is be
30、tter because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media- not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “imperative“ ( Line 5, Par（分数：2.00）A.1) most probably refers to something _.A. superficialB. remarkableC. debatab
31、leD. essential(2).Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?（分数：2.00）A.Minorities.B.Politicians.C.Professors.D.Managers.(3).High-ranking corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.lower the rate of unemploymentB.win equal
32、 political rights for minoritiesC.be competitive in the world marketD.satisfy the demands of a growing population(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.meritocracy can never be realized without diversity.B.American political circles will not accept diversityC.it is unlikely that d
33、iversity will occur in the U. S. mediaD.minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity(5).According to the passage, diversity can be achieved in American society by _.（分数：2.00）A.expanding the pool of potential employeesB.promoting policies that provide skills to employ
34、eesC.training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managersD.providing education for all regardless of race or sex六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out Whether, as many smokers say, smokin
35、g helps them to “think and concentrate.“ Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grou
36、ping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under
37、 the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions ab
38、out it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from in
39、significant details.“As our tests became more complex,“ sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.“ He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose,
40、but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity./（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of George Spilichs experiment is _.（分数：2.00）A.to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB.to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacityC.to prove that smoking a
41、ffects peoples regular performanceD.to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory(2).George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _.（分数：2.00）A.compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB.put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC.chec
42、k the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD.register the prompt responses of the subjects(3).The word “bested, (Line 3, Par（分数：2.00）A.5) most probably means _.A. beatB. enviedC. caught up withD. made the best of(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Active smokers in general perfor
43、med better than deprived smokers.B.Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.C.Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D.Deprived smokers gage the slowest responses to the various tasks.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.
44、smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB.smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC.no airline pilots smoke during flightsD.smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers w
45、ork, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped
46、 by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are t
47、wo distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming
48、 can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assume that in the future everyo
49、ne is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It rounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game“, but learning the rules of one game may
