1、考博英语-452 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.The university board of trustees deemed it urgent that a new provost _ to replace Mr. Dannison who had been diagnosed with cancer.（分数：1.00）A.be selectedB.should be selectedC.must be selectedD.was selected2.I need to see the fore
2、ign student adviser because my passport expires in a fortnight.（分数：1.00）A.will be overB.becomes invalidC.will be reversedD.becomes exhausted3.During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.（分数：1.0
3、0）A.subsequentlyB.lawfullyC.mercilesslyD.randomly4.As a result of his pioneering work in the late 1930s, Earl Hines has been called the father of modern jazz piano.（分数：1.00）A.professionalB.artisticC.excellentD.original5.With prices _ so much, it is impossible for the company manager to stick to the
4、original budget.（分数：1.00）A.wavingB.swingingC.fluctuatingD.vibrating6.While watching television_.（分数：1.00）A.the telephone rangB.we heard the telephone ringC.we heard the telephone rangD.the telephone was rung7.Most insulation devices of this kind, _ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expen
5、sive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are8.He used to play badminton with you, _ ?（分数：1.00）A.didnt heB.used heC.did heD.hadnt he9.Laurels are valued for their aromatic oils and spices, edible fruits, and timber.（分数：1.00）A.blossomsB.leavesC.woodD.sap10.The examination has been
6、cancelled. You _ all that review, after all.（分数：1.00）A.didnt need to doB.neednt doC.neednt have doneD.neednt to do11.We have a firm belief that he will abide by his promise if he gives it to anyone.（分数：1.00）A.avengeB.stick toC.attribute toD.automate12.A Laser beam can be turned into a _ weapon.（分数：1
7、.00）A.deadlyB.deadC.deadthlyD.deadening13.The night was so _ that not a sound could be heard.（分数：1.00）A.quietB.beautifulC.darkD.dangerous14.Teachers of young children should scrupulously avoid ridicule and sarcasm.（分数：1.00）A.theoreticallyB.naivelyC.diligentlyD.confidently15.When the letter from his
8、wife arrived, he _ the contents carefully. Because she hadnt answered his question, he was angry and tossed the letter into the fire.（分数：1.00）A.destroyedB.wroteC.tore upD.read16.The senator was made to digress time and again from the main point of his speech because of the red _ constantly _ by his
9、opponents in the audience.（分数：1.00）A.tomatoes, thrown outB.herrings, brought upC.apples, put forwardD.mullets, laid down17.Diamonds are usually cut to bring out their natural luster and to remove any flaws.（分数：1.00）A.germsB.shortcomingsC.flakesD.defects18.Mr Chen complained about the _ air-condition
10、er he bought from the company.（分数：1.00）A.inefficientB.defectiveC.ineffectiveD.deficient19.It is very plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day.（分数：1.00）A.conductiveB.constructiveC.conciliateD.
11、conducive20.After so many nights of _, Mrs. Constable decided that she really must see a doctor. She could not continue to lie awake, night after night, worrying about her health.（分数：1.00）A.partiesB.frightening dreamsC.sleeplessnessD.loneliness21.To test his theory, the chemist _ an experiment.（分数：1
12、.00）A.set upB.set outC.set forthD.set in22.When solid changes to liquid, it _ heat from all substances near it and this reduces the temperature surrounding it.（分数：1.00）A.takes inB.takes onC.takes offD.takes down23.The plays of Eugene ONeill, characterized by their unsettling questions and tumultuous
13、 struggles with fate, transformed the American theater.（分数：1.00）A.thrillingB.troublingC.refreshingD.frightening24.I got a new battery for my recorder only last week, but it seems to have _ already.（分数：1.00）A.worn outB.run downC.knocked offD.gone off25.Professor Jeffreys lecture on the recycling of w
14、aste paper and other garbage will show _ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done26.“Do you mind _ ?“Go ahead. I dont mind.“（分数：
15、1.00）A.turning on the fanB.I turn on the fanC.if I turn on the fanD.to turn on the fan27.He likes to swim _.（分数：1.00）A.and playing footballB.and he also likes playing footballC.and to play footballD.and he likes to play football28.Hemp, a harsh, stiff fiber, comes from a plant that grows in both hot
16、 and mild climates.（分数：1.00）A.stickyB.rigidC.denseD.woven29.The two copper mining companies will be merged soon so as to become more competitive at the world market.（分数：1.00）A.combinedB.relayedC.reproachedD.bankrupted30.John Locke, the well-known 18th-century English thinker, emphasized experience a
17、s the _ condition for expansion of human knowledge.（分数：1.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable31.The English vocabulary is known for a (an) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversations.（分数：1.00）A.multitudeB.altitudeC.latitudeD.platitude32.All the refere
18、nces she has obtained for her doctoral dissertation _ about twenty items.（分数：1.00）A.make up forB.add up toC.come up withD.put up with33.His _ handwriting resulted from haste and carelessness rather than from the inability to form the letters correctly.（分数：1.00）A.carefulB.unreadableC.beautifulD.silen
19、t34.Contradictory to popular belief, recent surveys show that besides housewives, many college students are also _ to soap operas.（分数：1.00）A.appealedB.addictedC.adjustedD.attracted35.India is _ to Chin（分数：1.00）A.A. contagiousB. contiguousC. contingentD. contentious36.Edmund likes to drive at a speed
20、 _ the traffic limit. I wonder how he always manages to escape（分数：1.00）A.having exceeded, to be finedB.exceeded, having been finedC.to exceed, to fineD.exceeding, being fined37.The difference is so small as to be _.（分数：1.00）A.neglectfulB.neglectingC.negligentD.negligible38.As a writer Walkter was ve
21、ry _.（分数：1.00）A.imaginaryB.imaginingC.imaginativeD.imaginable39.The _ friend was exposed in the end to be hidden rival who had been plotting against the companys marketing in Hong Kong.（分数：1.00）A.professedB.announcedC.exclaimedD.declared40.Although Alice had expected her parents to be worried by her
22、 long, unexplained absence, both her mother and father seemed quite _.（分数：1.00）A.unavailableB.undecidedC.unworriedD.unexpected二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is
23、sometimes placed among “situations vacant“, although it does not offer anyone a job; and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted“, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing application“, or “Mak
24、e use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae, or job history“, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of growing importance of th
25、e curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams“, was about the average level of advice
26、 offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained. Everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were
27、 available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest, It might be the aggressive approach. “Your
28、search is over. I am the person you are looking for,“ was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in
29、 the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.（分数：5.00）(1).The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _.（分数：1.00）A.informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB.promises useful advice to those looking for employmentC.di
30、vides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers that people are available for work(2).Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _.（分数：1.00）A.there is lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top-level jobs availableC.there are so
31、many people out of workD.the job history is considered to be a work of art(3).In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _.（分数：1.00）A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualifications other than being able to read and w
32、riteD.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview(4).Later, as one went on to apply more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _.（分数：1.00）A.something that would attract attention to ones applicationB.a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to jo
33、inC.something that would offend the person reading itD.a lie that one could easily get with telling(5).The job history has become such an important document because _.（分数：1.00）A.there has been a decrease in the number of jobs advertisedB.there has been an increase in the number of “qualified“ job hu
34、ntersC.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD.the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are lef
35、t more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most
36、 new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings.The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to
37、 see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25 % of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRCs response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average sh
38、ot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London
39、Business School.Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to fin
40、ish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitio
41、us doctoral topics.The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research
42、. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teach
43、ing time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.（分数：5.00）(1).By the time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time _.
44、（分数：1.00）A.most of them died of some sicknessB.their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC.most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD.most of their grants run out(2).Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESR
45、C, because the completion rate of its PhD students theses within four years is lower than _.（分数：1.00）A.25%B.40%C.39%D.10%(3).All the following statements are the argument against ESRCs policy except _.（分数：1.00）A.all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB.there is no hard evide
46、nce to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.C.many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses.D.some polytechnics
47、are penalized by random fluctuations in student performanc(4).The ESRC would prefer _.（分数：1.00）A.that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchersB.to see higher standards of PhD students theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC.more system
48、atic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD studentsD.that PhD students were less modest in their aims(5).What the ESRC can do is to _.（分数：1.00）A.force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB.try to persuade universities to change th
49、eir waysC.dictate the standard of thesis required by external examinersD.note that students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Influenza should not be dismissed as a trivial disease. It kills thousands of people every year at a very high cost to the economy, hits hardest the young and the elderly, and is most dange
