1、考博英语-448 及答案解析(总分：76.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SectionVocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Her ease has attracted an enormous_of public sympathy.（分数：1.00）A.sumB.dealC.amountD.number2.The poor mother lacked her husbands capacity for discipline, and found herself _her headstrong son.（分数：1.00）A.against the will ofB.in t
2、he way ofC.at the mercy ofD.in terms of3.American women were_the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.（分数：1.00）A.ignoredB.deniedC.refusedD.neglected4.This special committee was established for well-integrated members of the society and not for_individuals.（分数：1.00）A.marginalB.m
3、inorC.eccentricD.distinctive5.Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. His comments break his long public silence on the issue and place him_with the administration.（分数：1.00）A.at willB.at easeC.at timesD.at odds6._couples generally share the same values and have similar lifestyles and goals.
4、（分数：1.00）A.ConsistentB.AmiableC.SympatheticD.Compatible7.What an outrageous suggestion, young manIm a_married woman!（分数：1.00）A.respectingB.respectedC.respectfulD.respective8.Its easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act（分数：1.00）A.consequentlyB.accordinglyC.successf
5、ullyD.excessively9.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it.（分数：1.00）A.absorptionB.disseminationC.assimilationD.interaction10.We cannot be_the choices that our children are going to make, even though we have cont
6、ributed to those choices.（分数：1.00）A.subject toB.susceptible toC.accountable forD.crazy about11.I cannot thank you_much for your kindness, for I owe my success to you.（分数：1.00）A.soB.veryC.tooD.as12.Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book_ the attention of those int
7、erested in seventeenth-century English literature.（分数：1.00）A.warrantsB.proposesC.acclaimsD.distills13.The students on the school bus were_for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning.（分数：1.00）A.held upB.kept offC.taken backD.put off14.In the past, competition for j
8、obs caused different_groups to be hostile toward each other.（分数：1.00）A.sexistB.ethnicC.graciousD.classic15.The stream overflowed and the flood_all of the farmland in the are（分数：1.00）A.A. submergedB. sankC. soakedD. stripped16.She took a(n)_to the house as soon as she saw it.（分数：1.00）A.preferenceB.af
9、fectionC.attentionD.fancy17.The most significant measure we should take to stop terrorists is to_them of material and moral support from within the country.（分数：1.00）A.squeezeB.eliminateC.preventD.deprive18.I want to know if I need to complete a FAFSA form in order to be_for any type of financial aid
10、.（分数：1.00）A.eligibleB.competentC.properD.legitimate19.The old musician decided to move to her country home_her advanced age and poor health.（分数：1.00）A.with regard toB.by virtue ofC.on account ofD.at the verge of20.He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to preven
11、t them from becoming_and to stimulate their desire to learn more.（分数：1.00）A.pessimisticB.complacentC.perplexedD.complicated二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as th
12、e major contributing influence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest tha
13、t children commit crimes in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The l
14、atter may commit crimes (27) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unem
15、ployment (31) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34) , children are likely to have
16、 less supervision at home (35) was common in the traditional family structure.（分数：15.00）A.actingB.relyingC.centeringD.commentingA.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.becauseA.interactionB.assimilationC.cooperationD.consultationA.returnB.replyC.referenceD.responseA.orB.but ratherC.butD.or elseA.consideringB.ignor
17、ingC.highlightingD.discardingA.onB.inC.forD.withA.immuneB.resistantC.sensitiveD.subjectA.affectB.reduceC.checkD.reflectA.pointB.leadC.comeD.amountA.in generalB.on averageC.by contrastD.at lengthA.caseB.shortC.turnD.essenceA.survivedB.noticedC.undertakenD.experiencedA.contrarilyB.consequentlyC.simila
18、rlyD.simultaneouslyA.thanB.thatC.whichD.as三、Section Reading Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)1Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production f
19、acilities, moving into new markets, etc., while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the pas
20、t five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits by over 100%, and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security,
21、 deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely differentdespite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more st
22、ores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent examp
23、le of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of36.10 and54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of1.40 and paid a cash dividend of0.50 per share. Corporate per share book value was2.48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of40.30 and
24、45.30 per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around2.16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more than doubled to1.20, book va
25、lue is expected to have grown to 7.40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%), and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的) has actually decreased from 2.481 billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.（分数：5.00）(1).This passage is probably a part of_.（分数：1.
26、00）A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good Companies(2).The italicized word “stagnant“ (Line 4, Par（分数：1.00）A.1) can be best paraphrased as_.A. prominentB. terribleC. unchangedD. progressing(3).Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because_.（分数：1.00
27、）A.it has stored a large quantity of goodsB.it has become financially more powerfulC.it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD.it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies(4).All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the cash dividend has
28、 increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both businesses have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased(5).According to the author, one had better_.（分数：1.00）A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some resear
29、ch on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down2Todays college students are more narcissistic (自恋的) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend c
30、ould be harmful to personal relationships and American society.“We need to stop endlessly repeating Youre special and having children repeat that back,“ said the studys lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State Universi- ty. “Kids are self-centered enough already. “ “Unfortunately, narci
31、ssism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others,“ he said. The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit gam
32、e-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors. “ Twenge, the author of Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitledand More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promo
33、tion over helping others.Some analysts have commended todays young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skepticaiiy, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applicatio
34、ns.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced (非常明显的) that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component,“ he said. “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for. “Yet students, while acknowledg
35、ing some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁，灰心)
36、by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. “Were encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way,“ Kader said. “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationship
37、s. “Karl Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. “People are worried about themselvesbut in the sense of where theyre going to find a place in the world,“ she said.“People want to look their best, have a good tim
38、e, but it doesnt mean theyre not concerned about the rest of the world. “Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. “It would be more depressing if people answered, No, Im not special. /（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may_.
39、（分数：1.00）A.hate criticismB.be dishonest to his/her partnerC.be unwilling to help othersD.all the above(2).The italicized word “commended“ (Line 1, Par（分数：1.00）A.3) means_.A. praisedB. criticizedC. recommendedD. disfavored(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Narc
40、issism may result in bad consequences.B.College students are active to participate in volunteer work.C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.(4).It is implied that_.（分数：1.00）A.both the researchers a
41、nd college students are worried about the trend of narcissismB.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD.college students are pessimistic about their future(5).It is proper to be_whe
42、n you hear someone say “Im special. “（分数：1.00）A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worried3The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among
43、private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to over-see a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Represent
44、atives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, the National Federation of Independent Business, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers
45、. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization, its about protecting rights,“ said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫，威胁) from unions.S
46、amuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,“ Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points o
47、ut that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret bal-lot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference betwee
48、n night and day,“ said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central I.abor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款) as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁) when a company and a newly formed unio
49、n cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compul- sory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional. “ “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,“ said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. The
