1、考博英语-428 及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone
2、; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear its
3、elf. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the
4、antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoint
5、s the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch,
6、 and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, great literature depends on its _.（分数：1.00）A.meaningB.soundC.ideasD.balance(2).The author calls music and literature “the two temporal arts“ because they _.（分数：1.00）A.are not lastingB.are both used in te
7、mplesC.are both based on antithesisD.depend on time patterns(3).The function of the literary artist is to _.（分数：1.00）A.communicate with the readerB.carry on the business of lifeC.provide a knot and stitchD.present his ideas attractively(4).Antithesis is a means of securing _.（分数：1.00）A.surpriseB.sub
8、tletyC.comelinessD.balance(5).The author believes that the enjoyment of literature comes from _.（分数：1.00）A.shockB.an anticipation of phrasesC.the originality of the thoughtD.rhythmic soundJamess first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related even
9、ts in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and
10、sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.Such a technique is suited to
11、Jamess essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doin
12、gs. This is why he more often speaks of “eases“ than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as ove
13、rstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book p
14、romise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.（分数：5.
15、00）(1).The title below that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Conventional Narrative TechniquesB.The Psychological NovelC.Evolution of Manner from MatterD.Drawing Back the Curtain(2).James was primarily interested in _.（分数：1.00）A.telling an exciting storyB.capturing a setti
16、ngC.analyzing the mental adjustments of his charactersD.describing the behavior of Americans in Europe(3).James later novels differ from his earlier works in that they _.（分数：1.00）A.show specifically described settingsB.are full of actionC.are less lengthyD.analyze the states of mind of his character
17、s(4).Most of the fiction James read as a boy was probably _.（分数：1.00）A.indefiniteB.easily misunderstoodC.slow-movingD.strongly plotted(5).James later novels may be characterized as _.（分数：1.00）A.detective storiesB.horror storiesC.being dullD.psychological novelsNear the beginning of Goethes career, w
18、hen his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented hi
19、mself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempte
20、d to imitate Shakespeares use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery
21、 and meanness of his age.The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang
22、period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mank
23、ind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.（分数：5.00）(1).Goethe was no democrat, because _.（分数：1.00）A.he f
24、elt that the peasants needed a masterB.he believed that good character was rareC.in his play, corrupt society winsD.he supported a robber knight(2).Goethe was not inspired by _.（分数：1.00）A.ShakespeareB.neoclassicismC.RousseauD.Sturm und Drang sentiments(3).The fifty-eight scenes make the play _.（分数：1
25、.00）A.too longB.well organizedC.an illustration of good dramatic structureD.lose a sense of direction(4).Goethe learned about Gotz von Berlichingen by reading _.（分数：1.00）A.ShakespeareB.RousseauC.an autobiographyD.Weisslingen(5).A clerical court is made of _.（分数：1.00）A.clerksB.the clergyC.venal indiv
26、idualsD.high-ranking nobilityIn most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population-where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewh
27、ere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of childrens lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to tr
28、aditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to fi
29、nding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing
30、 the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and min
31、erals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been a
32、ccepted as an integral part of life for generations.（分数：5.00）(1).Cheap protein substitutes for milk, eggs, and meat _.（分数：1.00）A.may be obtained from vitamins and mineralsB.are being sought by scientistsC.can be gotten from soybeansD.can be found in iodized salt(2).The peanut is _.（分数：1.00）A.inedibl
33、eB.of little nutritional valueC.difficult to growD.a source of protein(3).The major cause of malnutrition in the world is lack of _.（分数：1.00）A.proteinB.vitaminsC.mineralsD.food(4).Kwashiorkor _.（分数：1.00）A.is especially harmful to childrenB.resembles beriberiC.is caused by starvationD.affects adults
34、only(5).The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Science and AgricultureB.Eliminating StarvationC.Improving Our DietD.Combating Malnutrition二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.In this age, education is considered an important key to success and minority groups espe
35、cially are _ to better themselves by going to college.（分数：1.00）A.encouragingB.persuadingC.persistingD.striving2.When two people feel the same way about each other, their feelings are _.（分数：1.00）A.habitualB.mutualC.relevantD.equivalent3.The _ of his first novel appeared in The Times yesterday; no dou
36、bt he was very happy to see that.（分数：1.00）A.surveyB.inspectionC.appraisalD.review4.A few simple _ to this plan would greatly improve it.（分数：1.00）A.demandsB.modificationsC.modulationsD.assessments5.Paul and John work on _ days.（分数：1.00）A.alteringB.alternativeC.alterableD.alternate6.As the Cup Final w
37、as drawing closer, the injury of the best player was a _ for the whole team.（分数：1.00）A.misdemeanorB.mistrustC.misfortuneD.mischief7.To write a summary effectively, you will need to _ words for phrases, and phrases for sentences.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.complementC.substituteD.design8.They _ for an early
38、end to the fighting which had brought about a great loss to the city.（分数：1.00）A.petitionedB.reasonedC.reckonedD.rebuked9.When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means be had to keep _ of current events in the country.（分数：1.00）A.accountB.traceC.recordD.track10.The rabbi was deep in _ a
39、bout the problems of his congregation.（分数：1.00）A.meditationB.reflectionC.conceptionD.retrospection11.After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground _ with papers, bottles and cans.（分数：1.00）A.scrubbedB.scatteredC.litteredD.dispersed12.What _ did they employ when they selected this picture as t
40、he prizewinner?（分数：1.00）A.criterionB.regulationC.wayD.test13.The apartment was _ at $ 20,000 and its owner was happy about that.（分数：1.00）A.assaultedB.assessedC.assertedD.avenged14.In order to help the students get a better understanding of the new conception, the professor _ it with many examples.（分
41、数：1.00）A.enchantedB.dissipatedC.eliminatedD.illustrated15.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.（分数：1.00）A.retardedB.retrievedC.refrainedD.retreated16.If you take this medicine twice a day it should _ your cold.（分数：1.00）A.healB.cureC.treatD.recover17.The best solution to the problem
42、 can only be found by a process of trial and _.（分数：1.00）A.errorB.mistakeC.successD.experiment18.The professor gave _ instructions for carrying out the research project.（分数：1.00）A.explicitB.formidableC.afflictiveD.dominant19.The items contained in the parcel dont correspond _ those on the list that a
43、ccompanied it.（分数：1.00）A.againstB.forC.fromD.with20.You can rely on Mr. Smith to carry out this mission for his judgment is always _.（分数：1.00）A.unquestionableB.healthyC.soundD.subtle21.The new policy has _ a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city.（分数：1.00）A.acquaintedB.adh
44、eredC.activatedD.asserted22.Cigarette smoking is a major health _ and may result in your death.（分数：1.00）A.hazardB.faultC.mistakeD.shortcoming23.He quickly _ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.（分数：1.00）A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged24.The two countries we
45、re fighting severely to _ every inch of the land,（分数：1.00）A.interveneB.contestC.imperilD.inhabit25.His dislike of the course may prove to be a _ barrier he cannot overcome.（分数：1.00）A.biologicalB.ideologicalC.spiritualD.psychological26.The doctor assured her that the pain would _.（分数：1.00）A.wear offB
46、.go offC.die offD.get off27.From what he said at the court, we can _ that Steve had stolen the car.（分数：1.00）A.infectB.impressC.inferD.suggest28.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _.（分数：1.00）A.appliancesB.facilitiesC.instrumentsD.equipments29.His colleagues were envious _ his pr
47、omotion.（分数：1.00）A.byB.ofC.withD.to30.The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach.（分数：1.00）A.affirmB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is conducive to learning and innovation. It
48、 is not uncommon for students to (51) easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The casual professor is not necessarily a poor (52) and is still (53) by students. (54) students may be in a subordinate position, some professors treat them as (55) (56) , no matter how egalitarian pro
49、fessors would like to be, they (57) are in a position of authority.Professors may establish social (58) with students outside of the classroom, (59) in the classroom they maintain the instructors role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the (60) day expect them to meet a deadline for the submission of a paper or
