1、考博英语-420 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The manufacturers hoped that the motor show would _ their car sales.（分数：1.00）A.promiseB.liftC.intensifyD.boost2.An action that is lavishly rewarded as soon as it is performed is well on its way to becoming a habit.（分数：1.00）A.pro
2、mptlyB.generouslyC.evidentlyD.sympathetically3.Since most doctors are _ about effectiveness of the new medicine, they seldom recommend it to their patients.（分数：1.00）A.anxiousB.dubiousC.cynicalD.innocent4.General George Washington and his hungry, ragged troops crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylv
3、ania, surprised the garrison of German mercenaries in Trenton, and captured the city.（分数：1.00）A.provocativeB.foppishC.formidableD.shabby5.One of the most common techniques is to add alloying elements that inhibit the corrosion.（分数：1.00）A.restrainB.retainC.relieveD.repulse6.It was all agreed that the
4、 first problem the new government would have to _ was unemployment.（分数：1.00）A.gripB.tackleC.discernD.manipulate7.While modulation/demodulation technology was being standardized for the most recent modems, several other peripheral standards were also being developed.（分数：1.00）A.auxiliaryB.notableC.rel
5、evantD.elemental8.The advantage of these contracts is that if property is destroyed by a peril not specifically excluded the insurance is good.（分数：1.00）A.mishapB.wreckC.hazardD.collision9.Penal systems of most countries provide for more protracted imprisonment of habitual offenders than would normal
6、ly be imposed upon first offenders.（分数：1.00）A.restrictedB.specifiedC.testifiedD.prolonged10.Composed of song, dance, and personal invective, the old comedy plays also include outspoken political criticism and comment on literary and philosophical topics.（分数：1.00）A.comicalB.wittyC.satiricalD.frank11.
7、In his _ to further his knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.（分数：1.00）A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chase12.A major role of computer science has been to alleviate problems, mainly by making computer systems cheaper, faster, more reliable, and easier to use.（分数：1.00）A.exclude
8、B.lessenC.clarifyD.evade13.Among the more common scenes are those in the courtyards of apartment buildings where the children play, while their elders gossip on benches, and young people congregate to listen to music.（分数：1.00）A.assembleB.captivateC.engageD.fascinate14.The senator agrees that his sup
9、port of the action would _ his chances for reelection.（分数：1.00）A.obscureB.mystifyC.distinguishD.jeopardize15.Having liberated the player from an exclusively team performance, Louis Armstrong unwittingly codified the vocabulary of the soloist in a series of famous recordings.（分数：1.00）A.unfavorablyB.u
10、npopularlyC.unquestionablyD.unintentionally二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what i
11、s not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground“ papers read by drug users. Such sources a
12、re influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you“ message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users o
13、f Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda, film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable televisions MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of w
14、here got high to watch it.Although persuasion can work fir some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even through the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for year
15、s. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomiers contention that “if the Pepsi generations can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving“ is probably not correc
16、t, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a drivers license.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, up to now, antidrug education _.（分数：1.00）A.has made all people se
17、e the danger of drugsB.has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugsC.has been effective only to a certain degreeD.has proved to be a total failure(2).The film “Reefer Madness“ mentioned in the passage _.（分数：1.00）A.effectively deterred marijuana useB.was rejected by young marijuana useC.did no
18、t picture the danger of marijuana realisticallyD.was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high(3).The message “all drugs are terrible for you“ is not influential because _.（分数：1.00）A.it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in dangerB.it gives a false account of the risks o
19、f drug useC.some drugs are good for healthD.it does not appear in underground papers(4).The best title for the passage would be _.（分数：1.00）A.Are All Drugs Terrible for You?B.Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?C.Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs?D.Can Persuasion Reduce
20、Drug Abuse?四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadc
21、asting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in o
22、ther fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little sig
23、nificant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of t
24、he interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for
25、 two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted b
26、y physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewe
27、d personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtfu
28、l analyses and even study, as this book indicates.（分数：4.00）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.（分数：1.00）A.generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB.importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interview
29、ingC.concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewingD.personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general _.（分数：1.00）A.so the training of journalistic interv
30、iewers has likewise been strengthenedB.though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionC.but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedD.and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing(3).Westerners
31、are familiar with the journalistic interviews, _.（分数：1.00）A.but most of them wish to stay away from itB.and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC.and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of itD.but most of them may not have been interviewed in person(4).The passage is most
32、 likely a part of _.（分数：1.00）A.a news articleB.a journalistic interviewC.a research reportD.a preface五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：4.00)By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a pla
33、n and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a hit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set time-table. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they
34、 would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be. No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from the self-regimentatign of a weekly tim
35、e-table, and dislike being tied clown to a definite programme of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do n
36、ot fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects of their work. The “tough-minded“ school of workers is usua
37、lly very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom“. Freedom from restraint and di
38、scipline leads to unhappiness rather than to “self-expression“ or “personality development“. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.（分数：4.00）(1).The most widespread pr
39、oblem in applying oneself to study is that of _.（分数：1.00）A.the failure to keep to a routine of methodical and intensive workB.changing from one subject to anotherC.unwillingness to follow a systematic planD.applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined(2).Those workers with strict views
40、 on work _.（分数：1.00）A.are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinctB.reject the idea that good work is second nature to manC.do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspirationD.are deeply scornful of the idea th
41、at good work can only be done when free from external influence and prompted by internal stimulus(3).In Paragraph 4 “as the fit takes them“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.when they have the energyB.when they are in the moodC.when they find conditions suitableD.when they feel fit(4).A suitable title for the pass
42、age might be _.（分数：1.00）A.Attitudes to StudyB.Study PlansC.The Difficulties of StudyingD.Study and Self-discipline六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：4.00)From the 1960s, international terrorist crimes, such as the hijacking of passenger aircraft, political assassinations and kidnappings, and urban bombings, co
43、nstituted a growing phenomenon of increasing concern, especially to Western governments. Most terrorist groups are associated either with millenarian revolutionary movements on an international scale (such as some Marxist organizations) or with nationalist movements of particular ethnic, religious,
44、or other cultural focus.Three broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but by intention. Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. This may be done by making random attacks to injure or kill anyone who happens to be in the
45、vicinity when an attack takes place. Because such crimes deny by virtue of their being directed at innocent bystanders, the unique worth of individual, terrorism is said to be a form of crime that runs counter to all morality and so undermines the foundations of civilization. Another tactic generati
46、ng fear is the abduction and assassination of heads of state and members of governments in order to make others afraid of taking positions of leadership and so to spread a sense of insecurity. Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are “representati
47、ves“ of some institution or system to which their assailants are opposed.A second category of terrorist crime is actual rule by terror. It is common practice for leaders of terrorist organizations to enforce obedience and discipline by terrorizing their own members. A community whose collective inte
48、rests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror.Third, crimes are committed by terrorist organizations in order to gain the means for their own s
49、upport. Bank robbery, kidnapping for ransom, extortion, gambling rake-offs (profit skimming), illegal arms dealing, and drug trafficking are among the principal crimes of this nature. In the Middle East, hostages are frequently sold as capital assets by one terrorist group to another.（分数：4.00）(1).Terrorist organizations tend to be associated with any of the following things except _.（分数：1.00）A.some Marxist organizationsB.millenarian revolutionary movementsC.nationalist movements of particular reli
