1、考博英语-384 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.（分数：0.50）A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly2.One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U. S. is that they h
2、ave taken great _ to educate their children.A. efforts R pains C. attempts D. endeavors（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists.（分数：0.50）A.eachB.someC.certainD.any4.Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would _ be able to walk.（分数：0
3、.50）A.in no timeB.by all meansC.in no wayD.on any account5.I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _ to it.（分数：0.50）A.connectedB.fastenedC.boundD.stuck6.Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel _ because of financial trouble.（分数：0.50）A.cutsB.dema
4、ndsC.reductionsD.orders7.You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car.（分数：0.50）A.veryB.soC.tooD.enough8.Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customers _ limit.（分数：0.50）A.creditB.currencyC.checkD.certificate9.The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though th
5、ey had three children of their own.（分数：0.50）A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt10.The newspaper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire.（分数：0.50）A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quantity11.If any man here does not agree with me, he should _ his own plan for tm- proving the living conditions of thes
6、e people.（分数：0.50）A.put onB.put outC.put inD.put forward12.In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one- fifth of the total _ for living expenses.（分数：0.50）A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable13.Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room.（分数：0.50）A.know
7、nB.supposedC.regardedD.considered14.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full _.（分数：0.50）A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility15.The government is trying to do something to _ better understanding between the two countries.（分数：0.50）A.raiseB.promoteC.height
8、enD.increase16.Its a serious crime that people _ goods out of China to avoid paying customs duty.（分数：0.50）A.shipB.smuggleC.launchD.load17._ of over 5% are attractive if the dollar really is going to stabilize.（分数：0.50）A.ManufacturesB.YieldsC.CreatingD.Receiving18.The English language contains a(n) _
9、 of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.（分数：0.50）A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude19.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _ the color of his skin.（分数：0.50）A.with the exception ofB.in the light ofC.by virtue ofD.regardless of20.I hat
10、e people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before.（分数：0.50）A.revealB.rewriteC.reviseD.reverse二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing in
11、fluence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crime
12、s in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes
13、 (27) lack of adequate pa- rental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) make ga
14、inful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal-behavior. Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34) , children are likely to have less supervision at
15、home (35) was common m the traditional family structure.（分数：15.00）A.actingB.relyingC.centeringD.commentingA.beforeB.unlessC.untilD.becauseA.interactionB.assimilationC.cooperationD.consultationA.returnB.replyC.referenceD.responseA.orB.but ratherC.butD.or elseA.consideringB.ignoringC.highlightingD.dis
16、cardingA.onB.inC.forD.withA.immuneB.resistantC.sensitiveD.subjectA.affectB.reduceC.checkD.reflectA.pointB.leadC.comeD.amountA.in generalB.on averageC.by contrastD.ar lengthA.caseB.shortC.turnD.essenceA.survivedB.noticedC.undertakenD.experiencedA.contrarilyB.consequentlyC.similarlyD.simultaneouslyA.t
17、hanB.thatC.which.D.as三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what i
18、s expected of him. Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give ma
19、ny years of loyal service.The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. There are even stories of hal
20、f- trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pained to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer. Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt, but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elepha
21、nt and mahout is the key to successful training.The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. But animals of this age do not easily become subservient
22、to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger, and fear. Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild o
23、ne confidence, and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.When several elephants
24、 are being trained at one time, it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing
25、particularly alarming is happening to its companions. When it is eating normally, its own training begins. The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point. Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side, while others rub thei
26、r hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant. This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets, such as “ho! my son“, or “ho! my father“, or “my mother“, according to the age and sex of
27、 the captive. The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions. These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick, and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up a
28、nd seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.（分数：10.00）(1).The ill-treatment of an elephant during training _.（分数：2.00）A.can have unpleasant consequences laterB.is the most effective method availableC.increases the time it takes to tram the animalD.ensures loyal service for years to come(2).A
29、n elephant will only be trained successfully if _.（分数：2.00）A.the mahout is a responsible personB.elephant calves dont refuse to feedC.the mahout and the elephant get on well togetherD.several trainers are assigned to the job(3).The main attraction of training mature elephants is _.（分数：2.00）A.early f
30、inancial returnsB.their willingness to obey their trainersC.the avoidance of anxiety in the elephantD.that elephants are difficult to keep(4).A mature elephant is only subjected to training when _.（分数：2.00）A.it is with other elephantsB.the mahout has established a good relationship with itC.the anim
31、al is feeding normallyD.it needs to be controlled with a sharp pointed stick(5).This passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.two techniques used for training elephantsB.the unhumane method used in training elephantsC.how to train the elephantD.through the tough method we cannot train the elephant succ
32、essfully五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Men have often been praised by being told that they were as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer. No one knows why there is something special about Philadelphia lawyers, but the expression “smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ seems to have come from a famous trial early in t
33、he 18th century.An Englishman, William S. Cosby arrived in New York as the royal governor of the province. He was a tyrant. He wanted to make money quickly and he ruled the province with no thought for the law or the rights of the people. Among those who opposed his rule was John Peter Zinger who ca
34、me to America from Germany. Mr. Zinger started a newspaper which praised liberty and sharply criticized the governor. Governor Cosby arrested Mr. Zinger, charged him with slander and kept him in prison for 9 months. Mr. Zinger could not find a New York lawyer to defend him because of the governors p
35、ower. But a leading lawyer from Philadelphia agreed to defend Mr. Zinger. He was Andrew Hamilton, white-haired and almost 80 years old.The trial opened, the jury chosen and charges read. At that time, the law on slander said that jury could decide only if the person accused published in the newspape
36、r named in the charges. The question of whether words published were true or not was to be decided by the judge. Mr. Zinger told the court he was innocent. Then the lawyer from Philadelphia rose, admitted that Mr. Zinger did publish the newspaper as charged. But Mr. Hamilton continued. The publishin
37、g of a newspaper does not make a person guilty of slander. He said that words themselves must be proved false or slanderous; Otherwise Mr. Zinger is innocent. The judge warned Mr. Hamilton that he, the judge, would decide if the words were slanderous or not. Mr. Hamilton quickly turned to the jury a
38、nd asked them to decide. He said that it was their right to decide whether the alleged slander was in fact the truth. In his final statement to the jury, Mr. Hamilton said the question was much bigger than the charges against Mr. Zinger. He said the question was liberty and right of people to oppose
39、 dishonesty and tyranny by speaking and writing the truth. After a brief discussion the jury declared that Mr. Zinger was not guilty and cheers broke out in the courtroom. The decision established the principle of freedom of the press in the American Colonies. Mr. Hamilton was praised as a hero. Thr
40、ough the years the fame of Mr; Zinger trial and praise for Mr. Hamilton has spread throughout the country. Anti so it is believed that the expression “as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ honors the man from Philadelphia who successfully de- fended the freedom of the press to print the truth.（分数：10.00
41、）(1).Many people opposed Governor Cosbys rule because _.（分数：2.00）A.he wanted to make money quicklyB.he was the royal governorC.he was a tyrantD.they were biased(2).John Zinger was arrested _.（分数：2.00）A.because he was smart as a Philadelphia lawyerB.because he criticized the Governor in the newspaper
42、C.because of his stupidityD.because the Governor was powerful(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.In Mr. Hamiltons opinion, only when the words are proved slanderous can the writer of the words proved guilty of slander.B.Mr. Zinger was proved innocent because he criticized the ty
43、rannical governor.C.Mr. Zinger made up stories about the governor in the newspaper.D.Nobody wanted to defend Mr. Zinger because he had come from Germany.(4).Mr. Hamilton was considered as a hero because _.（分数：2.00）A.he taught the cruel Governor Cosby a lessonB.his successful defence in the trialC.he
44、 defended the freedom of the press to print the truthD.his courage to defend for John Zinger in spite of the tyrannical Governor(5).The purpose of this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.to tell people how the principle of freedom of press was establishedB.to show the significance of the trialC.to tell people
45、where the expression “as smart as a Philadelphia lawyer“ comes fromD.to tell people something special about the Philadelphia lawyer六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For scientists who study human evolution, fossil remains provide the only direct evidence of our ancient ancestors. Access to these paleoanthr
46、opological Rosetta stones, how- ever, is limited by protective curators who are often reluctant to lend the fragile fossils. And in the case of fossil skulls, nature preserves critical information in the largely in- accessible interior. But help is on the way. At the annual meeting of the American A
47、ssociation of Physical Anthropologists in Salt Lake City this past April, researchers discussed how medical imaging, virtual reality and computer-controlled modelling technologies get around these obstacles noninvasively.Three-dimensional medical imaging based on computed tomography (CT) scans was d
48、eveloped in the early 1980s. On a computer, surgeons could electronically remove the patients soft tissue and then explore the virtual skull inside and out before operating. It wasnt long before Glenn Conroy of Washington University and his colleagues demonstrated that these same techniques could al
49、so be applied to fossils, in which sediments take the place of soft tissue.With advances in computer graphics and computational power, paleoanthropologists can now perform on their computers a wide range of investigations that are impossible to attempt on the original fossil. Missing features on one Side of the skull can be re-created by mirroring the preserved features (postmortem deformations can be similarly rectified) and tiny, h
