1、考博英语-354 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SectionStructure & (总题数：25，分数：25.00)1.He likes to swim_.（分数：1.00）A.and playing footballB.and he also likes playing footballC.and to play footballD.and he likes to play football2.All the references she has obtained for her doctoral dissertation_about twenty items.
2、（分数：1.00）A.make up forB.add up toC.come up withD.put up with3.With prices_so much, it is impossible for the company manager to stick to the original budget.（分数：1.00）A.wavingB.swingingC.fluctuatingD.vibrating4.The university board of trustees deemed it urgent that a new provost_to re place Mr. Dannis
3、on who had been diagnosed with cancer.（分数：1.00）A.be selectedB.would be selectedC.must be selectedD.was selected5.Edmund likes to drive at a speed_the traffic limit. I wonder how he always manages to escape（分数：1.00）A.having exceeded, to be finedB.exceeded, having been finedC.to exceed, to fineD.excee
4、ding, being fined6.The manager threw a party_the group of computer experts from the Unit ed States.（分数：1.00）A.in honor ofB.in favor ofC.in welcome ofD.in celebration of7.When solid changes to liquid, it_heat from all substances near it and this reduces the temperature surrounding it.（分数：1.00）A.takes
5、 inB.takes onC.takes offD.takes down8.Most insulation devices of this kind,_manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are9.It is very plain that such a life as this is far more_to health than that of the man who can afford little
6、leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day.（分数：1.00）A.conductiveB.constructiveC.conciliateD.conducive10.To test his theory, the chemist_an experiment.（分数：1.00）A.set upB.set outC.set forthD.set in11.I got a new battery for my recorder only last week, but it seems to have_ already.（分数：1.00）A.
7、worn outB.run downC.knocked offD.gone off12.The senator was made to digress time and again from the main point of his speech because of the red_constantly_by his opponents in the audience.（分数：1.00）A.tomatoes, thrown outB.herrings, brought upC.apples, put forwardD.mullets, laid down13.Some people fee
8、l that television should give less_to sport.（分数：1.00）A.programsB.coverageC.concernD.involvement14.While watching television,_.（分数：1.00）A.the telephone rangB.we heard the telephone ringC.we heard the telephone rangD.the telephone was rung15.The examination has been cancelled. You_all that review, aft
9、er all.（分数：1.00）A.didnt need to doB.neednt doC.neednt have doneD.neednt to do16.John Locke, the well-known 18th century English thinker, emphasized experience as the_condition for expansion of human knowledge.（分数：1.00）A.incompatibleB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.indispensable17.“Do you mind_?“Go ahead. I
10、 dont mind. “（分数：1.00）A.turning on the fanB.I turn onthe fanC.if I turn on the fanD.to turn on the fan18.The department chairman_with thanks the assistance of all the faculty members for getting the celebration ready in a short time.（分数：1.00）A.expressesB.declaresC.announcesD.acknowledges19.The Engli
11、sh vocabulary is known for a (n)_of words which are compara tively seldom used in ordinary conversations.（分数：1.00）A.multitudeB.altitudeC.latitudeD.platitude20.This state research program is made up of two funds,_ could last for two years.（分数：1.00）A.the larger oneB.the larger of whichC.the largest on
12、eD.the largest of which21.Professor Jeffreys lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show_can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the munici
13、pal authorities have done22.Contradictory to popular belief, recent surveys show that besides housewives, many college students are also_to soap operas.（分数：1.00）A.appealedB.addictedC.adjustedD.attracted23.The_friend was exposed in the end to be a hidden rival who had been plotting against the compan
14、ys marketing in Hong Kong.（分数：1.00）A.professedB.announcedC.exclaimedD.declared24.He used to play badminton with you,_?（分数：1.00）A.didnt heB.used heC.did heD.gone off25.She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact_she knows about it is all sadly out of date.（分数：1.00）A.so littleB.that muc
15、hC.what littleD.how much二、Section Reading, C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A Multiple Choi(总题数：3，分数：15.00)1In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no
16、matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “ work ethic“, especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous.Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show
17、 of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secre taries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job.In all, there is more than
18、a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question. Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to ones daily workan acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people.（分数：
19、5.00）(1).“In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means_.（分数：1.00）A.there is a shortage of daily necessitiesB.people fight each other for necessitiesC.most people feel the financial pressureD.everyone lives a hard life(2).The “work ethic“ referred to in the first paragrap
20、h can be interpreted as_.（分数：1.00）A.one works mainly to keep body and soul togetherB.one must work not only for money, but also for delightC.one must understand that jobs as choresD.one should earn as much money a day as possible(3).Middle-management men flee city and job because_.（分数：1.00）A.they ha
21、ve lost their graceB.they are tired by the long days workC.they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of their clerks and secretariesD.they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young people(4).The phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means_.（
22、分数：1.00）A.money one has earned and will be paid laterB.money one has earned, but will not be paid to him/herC.something that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of payD.something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job(5).The main idea of this passage is_.（分数：1.00）
23、A.in modern society people are under great work pressureB.nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard workC.work should be to people more than just a means to surviveD.more jobs of delight should be created for people2Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the
24、selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. “ That is, the indi
25、vidual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and pro
26、cedures of modern times, which is il lustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he
27、had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right t
28、he state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves.Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to pr
29、eserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his c
30、onviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means_.（分数：1.00）A.a criminal must be severely punishedB.a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the sa
31、me as the crime he has doneC.a criminal must be given a punishment that he deservesD.a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth(2).The result of deserved-punishment justice is_.（分数：1.00）A.the criminals winning of a true lifeB.the criminais taking death penalty for the crime committed
32、by himC.the criminals denial of his true selfD.the restoration of the criminals guilty self to the self before the crime(3).In the sentence: “society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed“ the underlined part can be interpreted as. society_.（分
33、数：1.00）A.was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishmentB.should consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crimeC.owed the criminal equality and must first show it in actionD.owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal
34、(4).The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is_.（分数：1.00）A.the latter is for non-punishment equalityB.the latter hates “an eye for an eye“ equality of punishmentC.the latter places the criminals equal rights in life above everything elseD.the latter focuses on both ref
35、orming the criminal and giving him new opportunities in society(5).Compared with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is_.（分数：1.00）A.less vengefulB.less effectiveC.less justD.less reasonable3 A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little
36、as two to four years is “transgenosis“, which permits scientists to create an animal with spe cific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The addi tional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosqui toes say, one that codes
37、for resistance to a certain diseaseit can be removed and placed in the embryo of a farm animal, the several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep
38、 with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk.The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryos str
39、ands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after ente ring a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, deliv
40、ers the gene to the cells nucle us. Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete.（分数：5.00）(1).The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns_.（分数：1.00）A.embryosB.pigs, shee
41、p and goatsC.commercial scienceD.improvement of animal strains(2).In the first sentence, “to become commercially available“ means_.（分数：1.00）A.this procedure is available only on the marketB.this procedure can be used in producing better farm animalsC.This procedure can he used to promote businessD.P
42、eople such as farmers can use this procedure in their production(3).The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are_.（分数：1.00）A.pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedureB.pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genesC.leaner pigs, poultr
43、y that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheepD.leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides.B.The injection method is less good beca
44、use the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos genes.C.The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell.D.The incorporating method is less simple but better.(5).The tone of this passage is_.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.factualC.humorousD.romantic四、Part B Paraphrase(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Dealing with Depress
45、ion（分数：5.00）(1). Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment.“Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression
46、,“ Bruce said. “But more often in older people its anhedoniatheyre not enjoying life. Theyre irritable and cranky. /（分数：1.00）_(2).She added: “Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it
47、harder to notice depression in older people. “Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says “Life is not worth living,“ “I dont see any point in living,“ “Id be better off dead“ or “My family would be better off if I died,“ the experts emphasized.“Lis
48、ten carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,“ Brown urged.（分数：1.00）_(3).He warned that “depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms“ than younger adults who are depressed.The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place.（分数：1.00）_(4). Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cyc
