1、考博英语-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and ma
2、rk your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity, was to discover all economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord field
3、s a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problems of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him, to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible-to impri
4、son oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and
5、set about the high business of living, “to front only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.“ He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concernig the best mode of living-each must settle that for himself. But that a sa
6、tisfying life should be lived, he was virtually concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economies that studied saving in order to spen
7、d more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life which is required in exchange for it, immediatey or in the long run. In
8、 Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: “The only wealth is life.“（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of this paragraph is best expressed as _.（分数：1.00）A.problems of economicsB.Thoreaus philosophyC.Walden, Thoreaus greatest bookD.how Thoreau saved money(2).Thoreaus chief aim in life was to _.（分数：1.00）A.discover
9、 a satisfactory economyB.do as little work as possibleC.convert others to his way of lifeD.write about Nature(3).Thoreaus solution to the problem of living was to _.（分数：1.00）A.study natureB.make other men work for himC.work in a millD.live in a simple way(4).According to Thoreau, the wealth of an in
10、dividual is measured by _.（分数：1.00）A.the money he makesB.the experience he gainsC.the amount he savesD.the books he writes(5).In Thoreaus opinion, the price of a thing should be measured in terms of _.（分数：1.00）A.pleasureB.effortC.moneyD.lifeMontaignes hold on his readers arises from many causes. The
11、re is his frank and curious self-delineation. That interests, because it is the revelation of a very peculiar nature. Then there is the positive value of separate thoughts imbedded in his strange whimsicality and humor. Lastly, there is the perennial charm of style, which is never a separate quality
12、, but rather the amalgam and issue of all the mental and moral qualities in a mans possession, and which bears the same relation to these that light bears to the mingled elements that make up the orb of the sun. And style, after all, rather than thought, is the immortal thing in literature. In liter
13、ature, the charm of style is indefinable, yet all-subduing, just as fine manners are in social life. In reality, it is not of so much consequence what you say, as how you say it. Memorable sentences are memorable on account of some irradiating word. “But Shadwell never deviates into sense, for insta
14、nce.“ Young Roscius, in his provincial barn, will repeat you the great soliloquy of Hamlet, and although every word may be given with tolerable correctness, you find it just as commonplace as himself. The great actor speaks it, and you “read Shakespeare as by a flash of lightning“. And it is in Mont
15、aignes style, in the strange freaks and turnings of his thought, his constant surprises, his curious alternations of humor and melancholy, his careless, familiar form of address, and the grace with which everything is done, that his charm lies, and which makes the hundredth perusal of him as pleasan
16、t as the first.（分数：5.00）(1).Literature lives because of the authors _.（分数：1.00）A.ideasB.humorC.surprisesD.style(2).Montaigne revealed _.（分数：1.00）A.fine mannersB.a peculiar natureC.a formal styleD.irradiating words(3).Shadwell is described as _.（分数：1.00）A.literaryB.foolishC.straightforwardD.sensible(
17、4).Roscius reading of Hamlet is poor because he himself is _.（分数：1.00）A.a farmerB.an actorC.incorrectD.ordinary(5).According to the author, style includes all of the items below EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.familiarityB.surpriseC.thoughtsD.contrastMany critics of the current welfare system argue that existin
18、g welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of fami
19、lies eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remain toget
20、her out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs
21、of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each
22、 partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic “cement“ holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain function society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of th
23、e variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e. g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agre
24、ement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners social economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized
25、alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most i
26、ntact families from coverage. Rather, welfare instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized alimony payments.（分数：5.00）(1).Some criticize the current welfare regulations because _.（分数：1.
27、00）A.those regulations encourage family dissolutionB.the low-income families are not given enough family assistance grantsC.they expand the set of families eligible for family assistanceD.the guaranteed income measures are increased(2).According to this passage, family stability depends on _.（分数：1.0
28、0）A.the couples earning abilityB.the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriageC.how much possessions the couple have before marriageD.a network of social and legal support(3).All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT _.（分数：1
29、.00）A.the stigma attached to divorceB.the social class of the partnersC.the cost of alimony and child supportD.the loss of property upon divorce(4).The author argues that _.（分数：1.00）A.the agreement between couples reinforce marital stabilityB.expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stability
30、C.AFDC regulations are to blame for family instabilityD.public assistance upsets the balance between benefits and costs of marriage(5).The tone of the passage can best be described as _.（分数：1.00）A.confident and optimisticB.scientific and detachedC.discouraged and alarmedD.polite and sensitiveThe war
31、 was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted, felt myself rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy
32、. Life never seemed so simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, b
33、ut I didnt have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of t
34、he baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and Mother said we couldnt afford one till Father came back from the war because it cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a
35、baby, and everyone knew they couldnt afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and Mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys baby would have done us fine.Having settled my plans for the day, I got up, put a chair under my window, and lifted
36、the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which were all still shadow, while those on our side of the valley were all lit up, thoug
37、h with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar, stiff and painted.After that I went into Mothers room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I
38、talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.（分数：5.00）(1).How did the author feel early in the morning?（分数：1.00）A.He felt frightened by the war.B.He felt cheerful.C.He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations
39、around him.D.He felt burdened with responsibilities.(2).When he woke up in the morning, he would _.（分数：1.00）A.visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. RightB.roll up the curtainsC.try to work out his plans for the dayD.make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right(3).What did the author think of his mother?（分数：1.00）A.She wa
40、s stubborn.B.She was poor.C.She was not very intelligent.D.She did not love him very much.(4).Where was the authors father during the war?（分数：1.00）A.He was out on business.B.He was working in another town.C.He went traveling.D.He was fighting in the front.(5).In which month did the story probably ta
41、ke place?（分数：1.00）A.In January.B.In September.C.In December.D.In November.二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.My mother tried to _ a little money each month for his summer vaction.（分数：0.50）A.put forwardB.set asideC.bring aboutD.make for2.I can think of nothing more _ than arriving at the theater and
42、discovering that I have left the tickets at home.（分数：0.50）A.viciousB.invitingC.vexatiousD.immoral3.In an allergic reaction, the immune system mistakenly _ a harmless substance as a harmful one.（分数：0.50）A.translatesB.dubsC.interpretsD.produces4.Such an _ act of hostility can only lead to war.（分数：0.50
43、）A.overtB.opportunisticC.occadionalD.unequaled5.In his researches on _ diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.（分数：0.50）A.inheritedB.chronicC.infectiousD.pulmonary6.The pilot made an unexpected _ because of engine trouble.（分数：0.50）A.conclusionB.crashC.victoryD.
44、landing7.His imprisonment _ his colleagues, for they cannot believe that such a respectable and law-abiding person will take bribes.（分数：0.50）A.evolvesB.astoundsC.withholdsD.propels8.Despite all the reports of physicians and health authorities, some individuals find that cigarette smoking is _.（分数：0.
45、50）A.habit-formingB.harmfulC.stimulatingD.maligant9.The seminar, _ by the Nobel Prize winner, probes the problem of wildlife extinction in African countries.（分数：0.50）A.convenedB.acquaintedC.incurredD.hauled10.When the news of his _ with the enemy became known, he was hanged in effigy.（分数：0.50）A.invo
46、lementB.conversationsC.collusionD.complacency11.After graduation, he was _ to a teaching post. But a year later, he resigned from the job and plunged himself into business.（分数：0.50）A.dominatedB.dispersedC.designatedD.displaced12.The spring floods had washed away the bridge, we were forced to take a
47、_ route.（分数：0.50）A.circularB.fantasticC.dampD.circuitous13.The worlds first national park, Yellowstone National Park, was established in Wyoming in 1872 to protect an area of _ natural beauty.（分数：0.50）A.incredulousB.incredibleC.edibleD.believable14.The book, published _, revived our interest in the
48、author who had just died.（分数：0.50）A.anonymouslyB.privatelyC.recentlyD.posthumously15.The candidates speech was filled with empty promises, _ and clichs.（分数：0.50）A.candorB.platitudesC.angerD.threats16.We were unable to reach a decision because we felt that the speaker had been _ and had avoided answe
49、ring many of our questions.（分数：0.50）A.noncommitalB.practicalC.contentiousD.unprepared17.Edisons remark that genius is “one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration“ demonstrates that the _ worker is valuable.（分数：0.50）A.inspiredB.assiduousC.perspiredD.eager18.The vast _ area of this country enabled us to welcome the hordes of immigrants that flocked to our shores.（分
