1、考博英语-182 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Structur(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.All the parts of this washing machine are _, so that it is very convenient to replace any of them.（分数：1.00）A.normalizedB.mechanizedC.modernizedD.standardized2.The research institute has recruited 25 university graduates _ in scie
2、nce.（分数：1.00）A.majoredB.majoringC.having majoredD.have majored3.Sometimes the 3-year-old child has trouble _ fact from fiction.（分数：1.00）A.separatingB.to separateC.having separatedD.for separating4.No one hopes that he will _ his usefulness.（分数：1.00）A.retainB.keepC.prolongD.survive5.It seems that he
3、never knows how to speak in a _ way.（分数：1.00）A.respectfulB.respectableC.respectiveD.respected6.She was _ as she had not been invited to the opening ceremony.（分数：1.00）A.hurtB.injuredC.harmedD.spoiled7.I _ that he is too young to he promoted.（分数：1.00）A.objectB.disagreeC.disapproveD.dislike8.Sick _ she
4、 is, she goes to work as usual.（分数：1.00）A.thoughB.sinceC.forD.as9.Hardly _ when a loud explosion was heard.（分数：1.00）A.the train had startedB.the train had been startedC.had the train startedD.did the train start10.“No Tobacco Day“ is the day when the world Health Organization _ to people to stop usi
5、ng tobacco products.（分数：1.00）A.asksB.appliesC.appealsD.urges二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Their attempts to evade taxes turned out to be futile.（分数：1.00）A.intentionsB.ideasC.opinionsD.efforts12.He is a well-trained musician who can perceive very small differences in sound.（分数：1.00）A.appreciateB.
6、understandC.conceiveD.find13.He demanded that effective measures be taken to put an end to cheating in exams.（分数：1.00）A.hopedB.urgedC.persuadedD.convinced14.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to remain healthy.（分数：1.00）A.stayB.preserveC.maintainD.reserve15.She believed that she
7、 was born to be a film star.（分数：1.00）A.meantB.supposedC.intendedD.hoped16.Some individuals have applied “positive thinking“ either to particular external circumstances or to some particular habits or character defects.（分数：1.00）A.used. for. forB.employed. upon. uponC.adapted. to. toD.suited. to. to17
8、.All the students in this university are requested to comply with the regulations.（分数：1.00）A.requiredB.demandedC.orderedD.expected18.As soon as he was confronted with the evidence, he confessed his guilt.（分数：1.00）A.showedB.admittedC.toldD.claimed19.She values the boy as if he were her own son.（分数：1.
9、00）A.weighsB.treatsC.considersD.cherishes20.He is confronted with the moral dilemma of whether to steal a drug he cant afford so that he can save his wifes life.（分数：1.00）A.metB.baffledC.facedD.squeezed三、BPart Grammar(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.(Police) were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up (by shoot
10、ing) down protesters and it was in (this) chaos that the seeds of political liberation were (sown).（分数：1.00）A.PoliceB.by shootingC.thisD.sown22.Even today, (through) the (hustle and bustle) of Nevsky Prospect, St. Petersburgs main street, the (classical) beauty of the city (mesmerizes) the eye.（分数：1
11、.00）A.throughB.hustle and bustleC.classicalD.mesmerizes23.People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in (what) it is that gives you these (fish) their long (life-span). Of course, it (hasnt done) a lot of good for these carp.（分数：1.00）A.whatB.fishC.life-spanD.hasnt done24.Smog-choked Sout
12、hern California (demands) them. Its a car for people who never want to go to (a) gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling (gas-less) machines has been a (hard-sell).（分数：1.00）A.demandsB.aC.gas-lessD.hard-sell25.She is (furious of) her sons grades in school, (which) explains why M
13、ark is jealous (of) Julias high marks (on) the exam.（分数：1.00）A.furious ofB.whichC.ofD.on26.(Just as) children the world over (like) Christmas morning, (adults so like) Christmas evening when (peace and calm) return to the household.（分数：1.00）A.Just asB.likeC.adults so likeD.peace and calm27.Switzerla
14、nd is (best) known for its (majesty) mountain range and (thousands) flock to the Alps each year to take advantage of (their) ideal skiing conditions.（分数：1.00）A.bestB.majestyC.thousandsD.their28.In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people (usually strive) for their maximum personal ability ra
15、ting, (when) they (are challenged) but can be victorious, rather than merely (surmounting the mediocre).（分数：1.00）A.usually striveB.whenC.are challengedD.surmounting the mediocre29.In proposing (such philanthropic donations), the director of the company certainly spoke (from) a genuine concern (for t
16、he needy) and not (any desire) for personal accolades.（分数：1.00）A.such philanthropic donationsB.fromC.for the needyD.any desire30.The armor, infantry and (other military forces) (were held up) by (the enemy counter attack), thus (caused) the delay in the advance.（分数：1.00）A.other military forcesB.were
17、 held upC.the enemy counter attackD.caused四、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same asB.and so areC.as didD.and
18、 so were32.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as _ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are33.The general opinion is that he is _ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a mi
19、lquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast34.Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably clear that in certain countriesRwanda, Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mindhunger is less a result of an absolute food shortage _ a policy decision or the political .situation.（分数：1.
20、00）A.than ofB.rather thanC.but the result ofD.than is35.An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, _.（分数：1.00）A.whether they are future physicists or chemistsB.be they future physicists or chemistsC.they are future physicists or chemistsD.they should be
21、 future physicists or chemists36.She _ much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.（分数：1.00）A.gotB.would have gotC.had gotD.would be getting37.It is most inappropriate _ in the college VIP lounge.（分数：1.00）A.for any students to be thereB.for there to be any st
22、udentsC.to be any students thereD.to have there any students38._ that the earth was flat?（分数：1.00）A.Used it to be thoughtB.Did it used to be thoughtC.Was it used to being thoughtD.Does it used to be thought39.Although money is always useful, it isnt all _.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which t
23、here is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life40.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was _ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start五、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B Choose the word that best
24、completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of productioncapital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bringU (41) /Uprofits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, U(42) /Uhave argued that our soc
25、iety has moved to a new stage ofU (43) /Uthat they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such society is that the ownership ofU (44) /Uamounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most importantU (45) /Uof profits and influence; knowledge as well asU (46) /Ucapital brings pr
26、ofits and influence.There are manyU (47) /Uwith the thesis above, not the least ofU (48) /Uis that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence, but this does notU (49) /Uthe importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as theU (50
27、) /Uof some new industries indicates. U(51) /U, genetic engineering and the new computer technology haveU (52) /Umany new firms and made some scientists quite rich. InU (53) /Uwith criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also beU (54) /Uthat those already in control of huge
28、amounts of capital (i. e., major corporations) soonU (55) /Uto take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasinglyU (56) /U. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying serviceU
29、 (57) /U. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in theU (58) /Uof knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severeU (59) /Ufor many
30、 years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people andU (60) /Uthem to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：20.00）A.quantitativeB.extensiveC.comprehensiveD.sophisticatedA.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.neverthelessA.aggressionB
31、.proficiencyC.productivityD.evolutionA.dominantB.impressiveC.magnificentD.significantA.sourceB.factorC.componentD.elementA.adequateB.profitableC.materialD.spiritualA.advantagesB.consequencesC.problemsD.potentialsA.themB.thoseC.whichD.that.A.denyB.refuseC.admitD.acknowledgeA.emergenceB.innovationC.ex
32、tinctionD.discoveryA.In additionB.For exampleC.Above allD.In shortA.producedB.createdC.improvedD.facilitatedA.lineB.needC.doubtD.matchA.idealizedB.recognizedC.supervisedD.summarizedA.stepped inB.settled downC.leaned overD.turned outA.accessibleB.importantC.popularD.abundantA.enterprisesB.employmentC
33、.professionsD.industriesA.controlB.masteryC.searchD.pursuitA.handicapB.penaltyC.inconvenienceD.shortcomingA.enforceB.punishC.confineD.condemn六、BPART Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BDirections:/B Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.BPassage One/BLet us assume, for the moment,
34、 that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurate
35、ly measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of
36、 the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply o
37、f labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that. Unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curv
38、e for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be accepted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money
39、-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogica
40、l for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact
41、 behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor
42、obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real dem
43、ands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom far from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.（分数：6.00）(1).“Labor is not prepared m w
44、ork for a lower money-wage“. The sentence means _.（分数：1.00）A.a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB.a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC.the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD.the demand of labor is for
45、 reduction in the value of real wages(2).The classical school refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.those scholars with traditional ideasB.the traditional schoolC.the experts who hold to the standardD.all of the above(3).According to the author, the supply curve fop labor depends on the _.（分数：1.00）A.real money wag
46、esB.movement of priceC.function of money-wagesD.both A and B(4).“Their“ method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realize that _.（分数：1.00）A.a fail in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of labor.B.a reduction in the exis
47、ting level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the laborC.the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD.the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages(5).How does labor usually behave?（分数：1.00）A.Labor would stipulate for money-wages.B.Labor would violently resist a reduction
48、 of real wages.C.Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wagesD.Labor would stipulate for real wages.(6).The last paragraph of this passage indicates that _.（分数：1.00）A.labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.SB.labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U.SC.neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage characterize the depression of 1930s in the U.S.D.both A and BBPa
