1、考博英语-168 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart I Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and
2、 mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.BPassage 1/BThe single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty odd years of eager activity, was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in
3、 Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problems of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him, to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impos
4、sibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Wal
5、den Pond and set about the high business of living, “to front only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.“ He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concernig the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. B
6、ut that a satisfying life should be lived, he was virtually concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economies that studied saving in o
7、rder to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life which is required in exchange for it, immediatey or in the
8、long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: “The only wealth is life.“（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of this paragraph is best expressed as _.（分数：1.00）A.problems of economicsB.Thoreaus philosophyC.Walden, Thoreaus greatest bookD.how Thoreau saved money(2).Thoreaus chief aim in life was to _.（分数：1.0
9、0）A.discover a satisfactory economyB.do as little work as possibleC.convert others to his way of lifeD.write about Nature(3).Thoreaus solution to the problem of living was to _.（分数：1.00）A.study natureB.make other men work for himC.work in a millD.live in a simple way(4).According to Thoreau, the wea
10、lth of an individual is measured by _.（分数：1.00）A.the money he makesB.the experience be gainsC.the amount he savesD.the books he writes(5).In Thoreaus opinion, the price of a thing should be measured in terms of _.（分数：1.00）A.pleasureB.effortC.moneyD.lifeBPassage 2/BMontaignes hold on his readers aris
11、es from many causes. There is his frank and curious self-delineation. That interests, because it is the revelation of a very peculiar nature. Then there is the positive value of separate thoughts imbedded in iris strange whimsicality and humor. Lastly, there is the perennial charm of style, which is
12、 never a separate quality, but rather the amalgam and issue of all the mental and moral qualities in a mans possession, and which bears the same relation to these that light bears to the mingled elements that make up the orb of the sun. And style, after all, rather than thought, is the immortal thin
13、g in literature. In literature, the charm of style is indefinable, yet all subduing, just as fine manners are in social life. In reality, it is not of so much consequence what you say, as how you say it. Memorable sentences are memorable on account of some irradiating word. “But Shadwell never devia
14、tes into sense, for instance.“ Young Roscius, in his provincial barn, will repeat you the great soliloquy of Hamlet, and although every word may be given with tolerable correctness, you find it just as commonplace as himself. The great actor speaks it, and you “read Shakespeare as by a flash of ligh
15、tning“. And it is in Montaignes style, in the strange freaks and turnings of his thought, his constant surprises, his curious alternations of humor and melancholy, his careless, familiar form of address, and the grace with which everything is done, that his charm lies, and which makes the hundredth
16、perusal of him as pleasant as the first.（分数：5.00）(1).Literature lives because of the authors _.（分数：1.00）A.ideasB.humorC.surprisesD.style(2).Montaigne revealed _.（分数：1.00）A.fine mannersB.a peculiar natureC.a formal styleD.irradiating words(3).Shadwell is described as _.（分数：1.00）A.literaryB.foolishC.s
17、traightforwardD.sensible(4).Roscius reading of Hamlet is poor because he himself is _.（分数：1.00）A.a farmerB.an actorC.incorrectD.ordinary(5).According to the author, style includes all of the items below EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.familiarityB.surpriseC.thoughtsD.contrastBPassage 3/BMany critics of the curr
18、ent welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they co
19、nclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The unhappily marrie
20、d couple, in most cases, remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative ba
21、lance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of t
22、he resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic “cement“ holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain function society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evol
23、ved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e. g. division of property, alimony, child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.Marital stability is related to the
24、costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners social economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfar
25、e is a form of government subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of
26、 AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized alimony payments.（分数：5.00）(1).Some criticize the current
27、 welfare regulations because _.（分数：1.00）A.those regulations encourage family dissolutionB.the low-income families are not given enough family assistance grantsC.they expand the set of families eligible for family assistanceD.the guaranteed income measures are increased(2).According to this passage,
28、family stability depends on _.（分数：1.00）A.the couples earning abilityB.the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriageC.how much possessions the couple have before marriageD.a network of social and legal support(3).All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to
29、 perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.the stigma attached to divorceB.the social class of the partnersC.the cost of alimony and child supportD.the loss of property upon divorce(4).The author argues that _.（分数：1.00）A.the agreement between couples reinforce marital stabilityB.expected AFDC income
30、 helps to strengthen family stabilityC.AFDC regulations are to blame for family instabilityD.public assistance upsets the balance between benefits and costs of marriage(5).The tone of the passage can best be described as _.（分数：1.00）A.confident and optimisticB.scientific and detachedC.discouraged and
31、 alarmedD.polite and sensitiveBPassage 4/BThe war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted, felt myself
32、 rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and dear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheetsI called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Rightand invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs
33、. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, but I didnt have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas, and what steps should be taken to bright
34、en the home. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and Mother said we couldnt afford one till Father came back from the war because it cost seventeen and six. That showed how
35、foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldnt afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and Mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys baby would have done us fine.Having settled my plans for the day, I go
36、t up, put a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite hillside, which were all still shadow, while those on
37、 our side of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seam unfamiliar, stiff and painted.After that I went into Mothers room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was fr
38、eezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I tallied until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.（分数：5.00）(1).How did the author feel early in the morning?（分数：1.00）A.He felt frightened by the war.B.He felt cheerfu
39、l.C.He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.D.He felt burdened with responsibilities.(2).When he woke up in the morning, he would _.（分数：1.00）A.visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. RightB.roll up the curtainsC.try to work out his plans for the dayD.make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right(3).What did t
40、he author think of his mother?（分数：1.00）A.She was stubborn.B.She was poor.C.She was not very intelligent.D.She did not love him very much.(4).Where was the authors father during the war?（分数：1.00）A.He was out on business.B.He was working in another town.C.He went traveling.D.He was fighting in the fro
41、nt.(5).In which month did the story probably take place?（分数：1.00）A.In January.B.In September.C.In December.D.In November.二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.In his researches on _ diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.（分数：0.50）A.inheritedB.chronicC.infectiousD
42、.pulmonary2.His imprisonment _ his colleagues, for they cannot believe that such a respectable and law-abiding person will take bribes.（分数：0.50）A.evolvesB.astoundsC.withholdsD.propels3.The great _ that have influenced the worlds thinkers came not from committees but from individuals who groped for t
43、he truth in independent research.（分数：0.50）A.obeservationsB.generalizationC.manifestationD.catastrophes4.When the news of his _ with the enemy became known, he was hanged in effigy.（分数：0.50）A.involementB.conversationsC.collusionD.complacency5.The worlds first national park, Yellowstone National Park
44、, was established in Wyoming in 1872 to protect an area of _ natural beauty.（分数：0.50）A.incredulousB.incredibleC.edibleD.believable6.Edisons retook that genius is “one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration“ demonstrates that the _ worker is valuable.（分数：0.50）A.inspiredB.assiduousC.
45、perspiredD.eager7.These sporadic attacks seem to indicate that the enemy is waging a war of _ rather than attacking us directly.（分数：0.50）A.fragmentsB.attritionC.intensityD.words8.He planned to go to France to _ his art of painting.（分数：0.50）A.cut outB.come byC.brush upD.make up9.When the colonel lear
46、ned that headquarters had been unable to send him reinforcements, he _ the order for the scheduled attack.（分数：0.50）A.countermandedB.relinquishedC.rephrasedD.invalidated10.The pilot made an unexpected _ because of engine trouble.（分数：0.50）A.conclusionB.crashC.victoryD.landing11.In primitive times, poe
47、try was written to be heard. Today, we frequently overlook the of the poets work.（分数：0.50）A.stylisticB.verbalC.primaryD.oral12.I can think of nothing more _ than arriving at the theater and discovering that I have left the tickets at home.（分数：0.50）A.viciousB.invitingC.vexatiousD.immoral13.The candid
48、ates speech was filled with empty promises, _ and cliches.（分数：0.50）A.candorB.platitudesC.angerD.threats14.The book, published _, revived our interest in the author who had just died.（分数：0.50）A.anonymouslyB.privatelyC.recentlyD.posthumously15.After graduation, he was _ to a teaching post. But a year
49、later, he resigned from the job and plunged himself into business.（分数：0.50）A.dominatedB.dispersedC.designatedD.displaced16.My mother tried to _ a little money each month for his summer ruction.（分数：0.50）A.put forwardB.set asideC.bring aboutD.make for17.The seminar, _ by the Nobel Prize winner, probes the problem of wildlife extinction in African countries.（分数
