1、考博英语-141 及答案解析(总分：58.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.His_ should not be confused with cowardice; during the war, I saw him on several occasions risk his own life while rescuing members of his unit.（分数：0.50）A.notorietyB.cautionC.heroismD.indifference2.Even the most arbitrary and_ cor
2、poration today must be aware of the attitudes of its employees; management may at times be more or less_, but all must respect the power of an organized work force.（分数：0.50）A.influential. outragedB.prosperous. precipitousC.flexible. patronizingD.authoritarian. responsive3.Punishment for violating mo
3、ral rules is much more common than reward for following them; thus, _the rules goes almost _in society.（分数：0.50）A.association with. undefendedB.adherence to. unnoticedC.affiliation of. uncorrectedD.opposition to. unchecked4.The prevailing union of passionate interest in detailed facts with equal dev
4、otion to abstract _is a hallmark of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, _and as if by chance.（分数：0.50）A.data. extensivelyB.philosophy. cyclicallyC.generalization. sporadicallyD.evaluation. opportunely5.The rocks are very big with_ of colors on them.（分数：0.50）A.shapesB.rails
5、C.bandsD.marks6.A unique clay disk found at the Minoan site of Phaistos is often _as the earliest example of printing by scholars who have defended its claim to this status despite equivalent claims put forward for other printing artifacts.（分数：0.50）A.questionedB.overlookedC.adducedD.conceded7.Althou
6、gh any destruction of vitamins caused by food irradiation could be_ the use of diet supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might be introduced into foods by the process.（分数：0.50）A.counterbalanced byB.attributed toC.inferred fromD.augmented with8.Objectively set stand
7、ards can serve as a _for physicians, providing them _unjustified malpractice claims.（分数：0.50）A.trial.evidence ofB.model. experience withC.criterion. reasons forD.safeguard. protection from9.The lost car was found_ in the woods off the highway.（分数：0.50）A.A. vanished B.B. abandoned C.C. scattered D re
8、jected10.Im afraid this painting is not by Picasso. Its only a copy and so its_.（分数：0.50）A.pricelessB.invaluableC.unworthyD.worthless11.There is hardly a generalization that can be made about people s social behavior and the values informing it that cannot be_ from one or another point of view, or e
9、ven _as simplistic or vapid.（分数：0.50）A.accepted. praisedB.intuited. exposedC.harangued. retractedD.challenged. dismissed12.Robins words were not without emotion: they retained their level tone only by a careful _imminent extremes.（分数：0.50）A.equipoise betweenB.embrace ofC.balance betweenD.equivalence
10、 to13.A century ago the physician s word was_ to doubt it was considered almost sacrilegious.（分数：0.50）A.inevitableB.intractableC.incontrovertibleD.objective14.The passions of love and pride are often found in the same individual, but having little in common, they mutually_, not to say destroy, each
11、other.（分数：0.50）A.reinforceB.annihilateC.enhanceD.weaken15.In spite of _reviews in the press, tile production of her play was almost certain oblivion by enthusiastic audiences whose acumen was greater than that of the critics.（分数：0.50）A.lukewarm. condemned toB.scathing. exposed toC.lackluster. rescue
12、d fromD.sensitive. reduced to16.One of the most interesting things to come out of the environmental issues meeting was the fact that we certainly do not have a _of energy sources; therefore, we must what we do have.（分数：0.50）A.plethora. husbandB.microcosm. mitigateC.dearth. libelD.gamut. obfuscate17.
13、Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was obsessed with his _perfection, he was rarely _a painting, creating endless variations of a scene on one canvas, one on top of another.（分数：0.50）A.quest for. satisfied withB.insistence on. displeased withC.contempt for. disconcerted byD.alienation from. imm
14、ersed in18.Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _know where to look.（分数：0.50）A.invariablyB.virtuallyC.variouslyD.unavoidably19.She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _to Scotland.（分数：0.50）A.ticketB.placeC.connectionD.seat20.It was a long time before
15、the cut on my hand_ completely.（分数：0.50）A.healedB.curedC.improvedD.recovered21.The necessity of establishing discrete categories for observations frequently leads to attempts to make absolute _ when there are in reality only（分数：0.50）A.analyses. hypothesesB.correlations. digressionsC.distinctions. gr
16、adationsD.complications. ambiguities22.Not content with being _himself, he openly_ the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating beverages so that all could be sober.（分数：0.50）A.monastic. urgedB.ascetic. proposedC.abstemious. advocatedD.sober. rejected23.Compassion is a great respecter of justice: we p
17、ity those who suffer_.（分数：0.50）A.shamelesslyB.unwittinglyC.vicariouslyD.undeservedly24.She, on the other hand, when considering the situation, had a _of danger and uttered a severe（分数：0.50）A.forgery. culminationB.covenant.fortitudeC.innuendo. castigationD.premonition. admonition25.Though he refused
18、any responsibility for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right to_ himself: it was his_ that had caused the debacle.（分数：0.50）A.blame. skillB.congratulate. modestyC.berate. largesseD.absolve. acrimony26.While many Russian composers of tile nineteenth century contributed to an emerging
19、 national style, other composers did not _idiomatic Russian musical elements,_ instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western European Romanticism.（分数：0.50）A.utilize. rejectingB.incorporate. preferringC.exclude. avoidingD.repudiate. expanding27.So much of modem fiction in the United States is
20、 autobiographical, and so much of the autobiography fictionalized, that the_ sometimes seem largely（分数：0.50）A.authors. ignoredB.needs. unrecognizedC.genres. interchangeableD.intentions. misunderstood28.A (n)_attitude at a critical time such as this is not justified by the news reaching us from the w
21、ar front.（分数：0.50）A.pessimistic. somberB.sanguine somberC.salubrious. optimisticD.arbitrary. gloomy29.In a typhoon, winds_ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.（分数：0.50）A.accomplishB.attainC.assumeD.assemble30.Bill s vulgar behavior affected Jane, who is very _, and therefore, easily（分数：0.50
22、）A.decorous. affrontedB.garrulous. gratifiedC.disinterested. biasedD.euphoric. ingratiated二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：4.00)31.According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?（分数：1.00）A.The suppressi
23、on of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens.B.The observed similarities in the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C.The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D.Serotonin-induced changes
24、in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior.32.It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_ .（分数：1.00）A.a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB.no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC.research results provided evidence to counter the h
25、ypothesisD.the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings33.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?（分数：1.00）A.Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on t
26、he brain ant on behavior.B.Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C.Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the serotonin receptor sites locate
27、d on target neurons in the brain.D.Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.34.The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?（分数：1.00）A.How can researche
28、rs control the effects that LSD has on behavior?B.How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human beings?C.What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D.What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the effects of LSD on behavior?三、BPassage 2/B(
29、总题数：4，分数：4.00)35.The author of the passage explicitly disagrees with which of the following statements?（分数：1.00）A.In modem society even nonartists can master techniques that great artists of the fourteenth century did not employ.B.The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface
30、 has nothing to do with art.C.In modem society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics.D.The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.36.The passage asserts which of t
31、he following about commercial art?（分数：1.00）A.There are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that of great works of art of the past.B.Commercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in the serious art world of the time.C.The line between commerci
32、al art and great art lies primarily in how an image is used, not in the motivation for its creation.D.The pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to undervalue representational skills.37.The author suggests which of the following about art historians?（分数：1.00）A.They do no
33、t believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.B.They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.C.They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.D.They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive i
34、ssues.38.Which of the following best states the author s attitude toward comics, as expressed in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.They constitute an innovative art form.B.They can be a worthwhile subject for study.C.They are critically important to an understanding of modern art.D.Their visual structure is mo
35、re complex than that of medieval art.四、BPassage 3/B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)39.The second paragraph makes use of which of the following?（分数：1.00）A.Specific examples.B.Analogy.C.Metaphor.D.Quotation.40.It can be inferred from the passage that the decision to study an organism may sometimes be influenced by_.（分
36、数：1.00）A.its practical or commercial benefits to societyB.the nature and prevalence of its fossilized remainsC.the relative convenience of its geographical distributionD.its similarity to one or more better known species41.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：1.00）A.rejecting
37、an earlier explanation for the longevity of certain brachiopod speciesB.reevaluating the implications of uniformity among existing brachiopod speciesC.describing the varieties of environmental change to which brachiopods are vulnerableD.reconciling opposing explanations for brachiopods lack of evolu
38、tionary success42.It can be inferred from the passage that many zoologists assume that a large diversity among species of a given class of organisms typically leads to which of the following?（分数：1.00）A.Difficulty in classification.B.A discontinuous fossil record.C.A greater chance of survival over t
39、ime.D.Numerical abundance.五、BPassage 4/B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)43.The author quotes Coleridge in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.refute the literary opinions of certain religious and political groupsB.make a case for the inferiority of novels to poetryC.indicate how widespread was the attack on novels in the early 19t
40、h centuryD.illustrate the early 19th century belief that fiction was especially appealing to young readers44.The author would most likely agree which of the following is the best measure of a writer s literary success?（分数：1.00）A.Inclusion of the writer s work in an academic curriculum.B.Publication
41、of the writer s work in the writer s own name.C.Praise of the writer s work by religious and political groups.D.Existence of debate among critics about the writer s work.45.It can be inferred from the passage that Whately found Dickens characters to be_.（分数：1.00）A.especially interesting to young rea
42、dersB.less liable than Jane Austin s characters to have a realistic mixture of moral qualitiesC.ordinary persons in recognizably human situationsD.more often villainous and weak than virtuous and good46.The author mentions that English literature “was not part of any academic curriculum“ in the earl
43、y 19th century in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.emphasize the need for Jane Austin to create ordinary, everyday characters in her novelsB.give support to those religious and political groups that had attacked fictionC.suggest the superiority of an informal and unsystematized approach to the study of literatu
44、reD.give one reason why Jane Austin s novels received little critical attention in the early 19th century六、BPassage 5/B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)47.Rachel Trickett seems to indicate the term “lady“（分数：1.00）A.has acquired a different meaningB.is too old-fashioned to useC.is preferred by feministsD.victimizes wo
45、men in society48.According to Caroline Moore, the media has projected a_ image of the gentleman.（分数：1.00）A.humorousB.favorableC.negativeD.traditional49.According to the passage, the decline of good manners is more worrying because_.（分数：1.00）A.it leads to more crime in societyB.people view manners as
46、 old-fashionedC.rudeness on the street cannot be stemmed outD.it can seriously affect our daily life50.In Anthony O Hear s view, a well mannered person（分数：1.00）A.acts rashly when he is youngB.tends to be bad-tempered in old ageC.behaves with a sense of appropriacyD.attaches importance to his status七
47、、BPart Translat(总题数：1，分数：3.00)51.But acquisitiveness, although it is the mainspring of the capitalist system, is by no means the most powerful of the motives that survive the conquest of hunger. Rivalry is a much stronger motive. Over and over again in Mohammedan history, dynasties have come to grie
48、f because the sons of a sultan by different mothers could not agree, and in the resulting civil war universal ruin resulted. The same sort of thing happens in modern Europe. When the British Government very unwisely allowed the Kaiser to be present at a naval review at Spithead, the thought which arose in his mind was not the one which we had intended. What he thought was, “I must have a Navy as good as Grandmamma s“. And from this thought have sprung all our subsequent troubles. The world would be a happier place than it is if acquisitiveness were always stronger than rivalry. But in
