1、翻译英语-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.（分数：1.00）A.to be encouragedB.being encouragedC.to have been encouragedD.be encouraged2.False confl
2、ict, also known as illusory conflict, occurs when people believe that their interests are incompatible with the other partys interests _, in fact, they are not.（分数：1.00）A.whetherB.butC.whenD.for3.I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price of everything has rather _ the ide（分数：1
3、.00）A.Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.A. bogged me downB. turned me outC. set me backD. put me off4._ when she started complaining.（分数：1.00）A.Not until he arrivedB.No sooner had he arrivedC.Hardly had he arrivedD.Scarcely did he arrive5.Lowbrows are quite _ for highbrows to have symphonies and thei
4、r Russian novels.（分数：1.00）A.skepticalB.containedC.stunningD.yearning6.We did hold a meeting yesterday, but you _, so we did not inform you.（分数：1.00）A.did not need attendingB.neednt have attendedC.did not need to attendD.neednt attend7.The statesman was evidently _ by the journalists questions and gl
5、ared at him for a few seconds.（分数：1.00）A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away8.The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that _ Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another.（分数：1.00）A.pittedB.clippedC.allegedD.embarked9.Thoma
6、s Hardys novels are said to suffer from the “long arm of coincidence“ because too many events seem to have a casual rather than a _ connection.（分数：1.00）A.incidentalB.substantialC.causalD.plausible10.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and fe
7、w as hardly _.（分数：1.00）A.noticedB.to be noticedC.being noticedD.to notice11.A full-sized tripod is far too _ to carry around. I find this pocket-sized one is much handier.（分数：1.00）A.overweightB.ineptC.unwieldyD.outsize12.They designed _ than a matchbox.（分数：1.00）A.no bigger a modelB.a no bigger model
8、C.a bigger model noD.a model no bigger13.The lawsuit was lost because of _ in the statements of the witness.（分数：1.00）A.discrepanciesB.conjugationsC.coincidencesD.remonstrations14.Many who _ their visits to the dentist regret it later.（分数：1.00）A.referB.inferC.deferD.confer15.It is unlikely he can sig
9、nificantly contribute to the highly competitive strategies that food _ demands.（分数：1.00）A.retailB.retainC.retailingD.retaining16._ of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10（分数：1.00）A.m. and noon, when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in their mos
10、t active phases.A. IrrespectiveB. IrrelevantC. DisregardingD. Despite17.From cave paintings and from _ on bone and reindeer horn, it is known that prehistoric humans were close observers of nature who carefully tracked the seasons and times of the year.（分数：1.00）A.apparently regular scratchesB.scratc
11、hing apparently regularlyC.regular scratches apparentlyD.scratches regular apparently18.If you dont eat enough fruit and vegetables, you may suffer from a vitamin _.（分数：1.00）A.shortageB.insufficiencyC.deficiencyD.defect19.It used to be _ impossible to find vegetarian restaurants outside the major ci
12、ties, but now they can be found in many towns and cities.（分数：1.00）A.fantasticallyB.readilyC.virtuallyD.primarily20.Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner _ to the professor.（分数：1.00）A.as far asB.the same asC.as much asD.as long as21.One of the most _ challenges that the Unite
13、d States-and indeed, the world-will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment.（分数：1.00）A.consequentialB.subsequentC.emergentD.pressing22.Hotel rooms must be _ by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.（分数：1.00）A.de
14、partedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced23._ mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth.（分数：1.00）A.NoB.Not theC.Never has aD.There is no24.The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _ five separate unions has
15、led to long negotiations.（分数：1.00）A.overB.uponC.inD.with25.She waited at the gate, her hands _ before her.（分数：1.00）A.foldingB.were foldingC.were foldedD.folded26.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _ her long effort.（分数：1.00）A.justifyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify27.I
16、n order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _ at mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.proficientB.outstandingC.prominentD.experienced28.The story is about a kindly, generous, cheerful _ who loves and is loved by everyone.（分数：1.00）A.misanthropeB.wandererC.entertainerD.hater29.Theartists use of swirl
17、s of _ colors conveys a sense of excitement.（分数：1.00）A.vigorousB.drasticC.vibrantD.strident30.In her time, Isadora Duncan was _ today a liberated woman.（分数：1.00）A.calling what we wouldB.who would be callingC.what we would callD.she would call it二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneMost stu
18、dents arrive at college using“ discrete, concrete and absolute categories to understand people, knowledge, and values. “ These students live with a dualistic view, seeing “the world in polar terms of we-right-good vs. other-wrong-bad. “ These students cannot acknowledge the existence of more than on
19、e point of view toward any issue. There is one “right“ way. And because these absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the individual from external authority, they cannot be personally substantiated or authenticated by experience. These students are slaves to the generalizations of their authorities.
20、An eye for an eye! Capital punishment is apt justice for murder. The Bible says so.Most students break through the dualistic stage to another equally frustrating stagemultiplicity. Within this stage, students see a variety of ways to deal with any given topic or problem. However, while these student
21、s accept multiple points of view, they are unable to evaluate or justify them. To have an opinion is everyones right. While students in the dualistic stage are unable to produce evidence to support what they consider to be self-evident absolutes, students in the multiplistic stage are unable to conn
22、ect instances into coherent generalizations. Every assertion, every point, is valid. In their democracy they are directionless. Capital punishment? What sense is there in answering one murder with another?The third stage of development finds students living in a world of relativism. Knowledge is rel
23、ative: right and wrong depend on the context. No longer recognizing the validity of each individual idea or action, relativists examine everything to find its place in an overall framework. While the multiplist views the world as unconnected, almost random, the relativist seeks always to place pheno
24、mena into coherent larger patterns. Students in this stage view the world analytically. They appreciate authority for its expertise, using it to defend their own generalizations. In addition, they accept or reject ostensible authority after systematically evaluating its validity. In this stage, howe
25、ver, students resist decision making. Suffering the ambivalence of finding several consistent and acceptable alternatives, they are almost overwhelmed by diversity and need means for managing it. Capital punishment is appropriate justicein some instances.In the final stage students manage diversity
26、through individual commitment. Students do not deny relativism. Rather they assert an identity by forming commitments and assuming responsibility for them. They gather personal experience into a coherent framework, abstract principles to guide their actions, and use these principles to discipline an
27、d govern their thoughts and actions. The individual has chosen to join a particular community and agrees to live by its tenets. The accused has had the benefit of due process to guard his civil rights, a jury of peers has found him guilty, and the state has the right to end his life. This is a princ
28、iple my community and I endorse.（分数：10.00）(1).Students who are “dualistic“ thinkers may not be able to support their beliefs convincingly because _.（分数：2.00）A.most of their beliefs cannot be supported by argumentsB.they have accepted their “truths“ simply because authorities have said these things a
29、re “true“C.they half-believe and half-disbelieve just about everythingD.their teachers almost always think that “dualistic“ thinkers are wrong(2).Which one of the following assertions is supported by the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Committed thinkers are not very sure of their positions.B.Relativistic thinke
30、rs have learned how to make sense out of the world and have chosen their own positions in it.C.Multiplicity thinkers have difficulty understanding the relationships between different points of view.D.Dualistic thinkers have thought out the reasons for taking their positions.(3).In paragraph two, the
31、 author states that in their “democracy“ students in the multiplicity stage are directionless. The writer describes multiplicity students as being in a “democracy“ because _.（分数：2.00）A.there are so many different kinds of people in a democracyB.in an “ideal“ democracy, all people are considered equa
32、l; by extension, so are their opinionsC.Democrats generally do not have a good sense of directionD.in a democracy the individual has ultimate authority over himself, not the state(4).Which one of the following kinds of thinking is NOT described in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.People who assume that there
33、is no right or wrong in any issueB.People who make unreasoned commitments and stick by themC.People who believe that right or wrong depends on the situationD.People who think that all behavior can be accounted for by cause and effect relationships(5).Which one of the following best describes the org
34、anization of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Four methods of thought are compared and contrasted.B.It is shown how each of four types of thought evolved from each other.C.Four methods of thought are presented, and each is shown to complement the other.D.The evolution of thought through four stages is present
35、ed, and each stage is illustrated by how it views capital punishment.Passage TwoThe value of heat for the preservation of food has been known for thousands of years, but it was not realized until the nineteenth century that a very mild heat treatment far below the boiling point, made liquid foods su
36、ch as milk keep much longer. The discovery followed the work of the French scientist Louis Pasteur on wine and beer.The process, called after him “pasteurization“, is a carefully controlled mild heat treatment. It was found that the process served two purposes, it prevented the souring of milk, and
37、it destroyed the dangerous disease germs which sometimes occur in this product.It has long been known to bacteria experts that the tubercle bacillus is the germ in milk which host strongly resists heat treatment. To destroy this organism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 degrees centigrade fo
38、r 15 minutes, and its destruction has always been taken as a way of testing the efficiency of pasteurization. A heat treatment of this kind destroys about 99 percent of the common bacteria in milk, including nearly all those which cause milk to turn sour.To ensure the certain destruction of tubercul
39、osis and other disease germs in milk, it must be held at a fixed temperature for a fixed time. In Britain, for example, these conditions were defined-coy law in 1923 as 63-66 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes. This became known as the “holder“ process, since the raw milk had to be pumped into a larg
40、e tank, heated to just over 63 degrees centigrade, held in the tank for half an hour and then pumped out and cooled. This was a slow process and required a very large plant, so scientists worked for many years to produce a simpler, more convenient method, with less large equipment.The latest method,
41、 officially approved in Britain in 1949, is known as the high-temperature-short-time, or H. T. S. T. method. It has now almost entirely replaced the “holder“ process. In the H. T. S. T. system, the milk flows continuously through many sections of thin stainless steel pipes, During the process, the m
42、ilk is held at 72 degrees centigrade for at least 15 seconds then, as it-cools, the heat is used, in part, to raise the temperature of the incoming milk in a device called a “wheat exchanger“.Efficient pasteurization may reduce the bacteria in raw milk from, say, one million to only a few thousand p
43、er cubic centimeter. The bacteria left are chemically mostly of the inert type, thatis, they either do not.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, pasteurization refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the heat treatment of milkB.heating liquid to 100 degrees centigradeC.the heat treatment to destroy all the common
44、bacteriaD.heating objects to a fixed temperature for a fixed time(2).How is it tested whether a milk pasteurization is efficient or not?（分数：2.00）A.By testing the heating temperature.B.By testing the quantity of bacillus causing tuberculosis.C.By testing the time duration of heatingD.All of the abov(
45、3).According to the passage, the new H. T. S. T. method differs from the “ holder“ process in _.（分数：2.00）A.higher rate of bacteria destructionB.different temperature requirementsC.the ease with which it is operatedD.the amount of energy preserved(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true acco
46、rding to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Pasteurization process is named after a French scientist.B.Tubercle bacillus accounts for the largest number among all germs in milk.C.Heating temperature may vary according to different processing methods.D.Neither of the pasteurization methods mentioned in the passa
47、ge can 100% reduce bacteria in raw milk.(5).The whole passage is organized by _.（分数：2.00）A.comparing and contrasting two conceptsB.relating the development of a technologyC.defining a concept first and then explaining itD.introducing a problem first and then giving its solutionPassage ThreeIf you ha
48、d asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!“ And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor
49、; anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didnt do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. “Shes joined the leisure class,“ my friends said.I disarmed my critics by invi
