1、翻译英语-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Overall, it is going to become much easier for people to communicate _ the Net Communicating with others in real time will soon be the norm.（分数：1.00）A.byB.inC.overD.onto2.The Chairman was evidently _ by Jims words and glared at hi
2、m for a few seconds.（分数：1.00）A.put downB.put acrossC.put awayD.put out3.The eye tends to see distance as _. In painting, this is sometimes called “the vanishing point“.（分数：1.00）A.conformingB.comfortingC.contrivingD.converging4.The local authorities realized the need to make _ tot elderly people in t
3、heir housing programs.（分数：1.00）A.provisionB.preparationC.requirementD.specification5.The Japanese dollar-buying makes traders eager to _ dollars in fear of another government intervention.（分数：1.00）A.let inB.let outC.let go ofD.let off6.Pennys _ speech given at the state competition won her the first
4、 prize.（分数：1.00）A.promptitudeB.impromptuC.prorateD.natant7.The symphonys second movementslow, mournful, and _is based on a funeral march.（分数：1.00）A.frivolousB.effervescentC.vicissitudeD.ephemeral8.The _ of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive
5、in terms of medical care, pensions, etC.（分数：1.00）A.receiptsB.receiversC.recipientsD.payees9.He was so _ in the TV program that he forgot to turn the oven off.（分数：1.00）A.tarnishedB.revampedC.engrossedD.bequeathed10.Some historians believe that John Jay could have played _ in Americas history as James
6、 Madison.（分数：1.00）A.as an important roleB.as important a roleC.an important role asD.a role as important11.The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important _ for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.（分数：1.00）A.implicationsB.complicationsC.innov
7、ationsD.complexities12._ ghost exists in the world. Thats your illusion.（分数：1.00）A.No such a thing asB.No such a thing as aC.No such thing as aD.No such thing as13.Technically, negotiation occurs between people who are interdependent, _ that the actions of one patty affect those of the other party a
8、nd vice vers（分数：1.00）A.A. as meansB. to meanC. that meansD. meaning14._ an answer, they decided to send an express telegram to them.（分数：1.00）A.Received notB.Having received notC.Not having receivedD.Not received15.Allowing our cities to be _ by cars has progressively affected childrens independent m
9、obility, for children have lost much of their freedom to explore their own neighborhood or city.（分数：1.00）A.pervadedB.diffusedC.dominatedD.intervened16.I didnt like myself _ in that way.（分数：1.00）A.to be praisedB.praisedC.be praisedD.to have been praised17.If you wait for the _ moment to act, you may
10、have never begun your project.（分数：1.00）A.definitiveB.optimumC.implacableD.righteous18.During a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are _ in the national interest.（分数：1.00）A.disregardedB.infringedC.suspendedD.stamped19.As a rule, whats efficient in one place will be efficient in mo
11、st other places, thus American businesses are fierce competitors _ they choose to sell their product, having been formed in a competitive environment that breeds optimality.（分数：1.00）A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however20.Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almo
12、st have a natural _ doing so.（分数：1.00）A.aptitude forB.repugnance toC.ignorance ofD.reaction to21.She had a strong _ to give a talk about her experiences, because she didnt like the limelight.（分数：1.00）A.disinclinationB.dissolutionC.dissidenceD.dissension22.Many diseases that used to be considered _ o
13、f mankind are now easily treatable with antibiotics.（分数：1.00）A.scourgesB.blightsC.torturesD.thorns23.Perhaps we should think in terms of raising interest rates _ them, in consideration of the new reports about inflation reported last June.（分数：1.00）A.then reducingB.and reduceC.although reduceD.rather
14、 than reducing24.Although her initial success was _ by the fact that she was the daughter of a famous actor, the critics later acclaimed her as a star in her own right.（分数：1.00）A.enhancedB.impededC.refutedD.superseded25.I had never seen so many people with so many disabilities. I returned home, sile
15、ntly _. thinking how fortunate we really were.（分数：1.00）A.retrospectiveB.introspectiveC.perspectiveD.prospective26.Generous public funding of basic science would _ considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.（分数：1.00）A.result fromB.settle downC.lie inD.lead to27.My reading in l
16、ater life has supplied me with some possible explanations of his _.（分数：1.00）A.temperatureB.temperamentC.temptationD.temperance28.Cynics believe that people who _ compliments do so in order to be praised twice.（分数：1.00）A.bask inB.give outC.gloat overD.shrug off29.The man went to prison, but the two b
17、oys _ with a warning.（分数：1.00）A.took offB.got offC.kept offD.set off30.When the young man realized that the police had spotted him, he made _ the exit as quickly as possible, only to find that two policemen were waiting outside.（分数：1.00）A.offB.fromC.towardsD.for二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Pa
18、ssage OneThe Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic o
19、f these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed, rea
20、ding back to a common ancestor. This is the tree approach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually become different until they become separate languages.Divergence is by no
21、 means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a “wave“ model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.Today, however, most linguists think pr
22、imarily in terms of familytrees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language na
23、turally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. Th
24、e wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth c
25、lass of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not for this large complicating factor, the worlds linguistic history could be faithfully descri
26、bed by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.（分数：10.00）(1).The characteristics of the original common language can be des
27、cribed on the basis of _.（分数：2.00）A.the similarities among Romance languagesB.the hypothetical family treeC.the process known as divergenceD.the common features of Roman languages(2).According to Johannes Schmidt, _.（分数：2.00）A.languages change on a large scale like wavesB.divergence is not the only
28、possible tendency in language changeC.language evolution can be explained in terms of divergence and convergenceD.different languages will become increasingly similar until they develop into one language(3).It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that _.（分数：2.00）A.there doesnt exist any satisfactory mod
29、el of language changeB.most linguists explain language change only in terms of divergenceC.most linguists generally dont accept the idea of language convergenceD.the first process in language evolution is colonization, followed by divergence(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
30、?（分数：2.00）A.Linguistic replacement can be ignored for the linguistic history to be fully described.B.Linguistic replacement cannot be ignored in explaining where the Indo-European languages come fromC.Because of linguistic replacement, the other three models prove to be incorrectD.Compared with the
31、other models, linguistic replacement is the most important model(5).This passage is primarily written to _.（分数：2.00）A.discuss the importance of linguistic replacementB.introduce the origin of the Indo-European languageC.explain the divergence of the Indo-European languagesD.introduce models concerni
32、ng the origin of the Indo-European languagesPassage TwoOf all the catastrophes that could befall America in coming years, a big terrorist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11 th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage, business losses
33、 and other claims from such an attack?This is the question with which Americas Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for the insurance industry in the event of a catastrophic a
34、ttack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $5m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by September llth. But unless Congress acts last, TRIA wi
35、ll expire at the end of the year. One likely result is the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and property owners. This, in turn, could disrupt businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA should be extended.The Bush administration has been oppos
36、ed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a short-term measure, and has argued that the private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any future burden-from the taxpayer and relying on the industry
37、 to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIAs expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have not, as the administration expected, rushed to write new contracts for next year offering
38、to fall gaps in terrorism cover.Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope, making a mocker:“ of insurers underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect few can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already b
39、eing threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for the terrorism cover they have sold.One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market, is already one of the most heavily regulated of industries. Operating in a highly distorted marketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance indus
40、try seems to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses, would just exacerbate this problem.Any renewal of TRIA should, once
41、 again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must also shift more of the burden, and the business, to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIAs threshold for government intervention is raised substantially, work should begin now to find better longer-term solutions. One place to
42、 look is abroad, where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain, for instance, insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and, over time, shifts a greater share of risk on to the private sector. Other options to consider include tax changes that
43、reduce the cost of holding capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds.With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution may be attainable in the long run. In the current environment, though, the same government that regularly war
44、ns of terrorist threats must still have a role to play in a solution that safeguards Americas financial security. It would be better to plan ahead than wait for a rushed, Katrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, one thing seems clear: any such bail-out would be more cos
45、tly and lead to even greater market distortions without an extension of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.（分数：10.00）(1).TRIA _.（分数：2.00）A.provides insurance to properties in high-risk areasB.should be extended as it is nowC.requires government support to risk insuranceD.has caused a substantial
46、 loss of revenue to the state(2).The private sector is hesitant in taking sole responsibility for terrorism insurance because _.（分数：2.00）A.their current pricing models cannot estimate terrorism attacks properlyB.they do not often insure things they cannot forecastC.they are threatened by loss of oth
47、er insurance takersD.they do not have regulator-approved contracts that cover terrorism attacks(3).The extension of TRIA should aim at _.（分数：2.00）A.making government intervention more unacceptableB.introducing foreign companies into terrorism insuranceC.setting up catastrophe bonds managed by insure
48、rs and reinsurersD.pushing the private sector to take sole responsibility(4).If the government let TRIA expire, _.（分数：2.00）A.it should stop warning the public of terrorist attacks regularlyB.it will have to pay more money when large scale catastrophe occursC.regulatory distortions of insurance marke
49、ts will be reducedD.private insurance companies will stop insuring terrorism attacks(5).The writer is _ in developing the argument in this passage.（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.emotionalC.disturbedD.indifferentPassage ThreeIt so happened that Lucy, who found daily life rather chaotic, entered a more solid world when she opened the piano. She was then no longer either deferential or p
