1、翻译英语-1 及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)A1.Even before the train had come to a stop, the massive onslaught of bodies engulfed us from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.plungingB.outpouringC.strikingD.withdrawing2.Indigenous Australians believe that reconciliation is necessary but the gov
2、ernment should, most importantly, make a formal apology for what they did in the past.（分数：1.00）A.conflictB.confrontationC.rapprochementD.reconnaissance3.The basis of this consensus is a belief that improved relations with the U. S. would serve Iranian interests on a variety of fronts, including Iraq
3、, Afghanistan, oil production, foreign investment and Irans nuclear energy program.（分数：1.00）A.agreement reached by a group as a wholeB.opinion accepted by the majorityC.view held by the minorityD.perspective ignored by most people4.The pope upset two large sections of Turkish society with a lecture
4、on September 12th in which he quoted a Byzantine emperor who suggested that Islam had engendedred nothing hut violence.（分数：1.00）A.resistedB.withheldC.causedD.endured5.Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.（分数：1.00）A.decencyB.posterityC.apathyD.e
5、ulogy6.The Ministry of Science and Technology also said in July that an independent watch-dog will be created to scrutinize the use of research funds.（分数：1.00）A.criticize with biasB.justify with evidenceC.provide with assistanceD.examine with great care7.Correction of the students aberrant pronuncia
6、tion is a continual, on-going process, not something reserved for lessons or exercises in pronunciation.（分数：1.00）A.habitualB.familiarC.conventionalD.nonstandard8.The tables in this display are on sale because they have a few imperfections in the finish.（分数：1.00）A.defectsB.suspectsC.rejectsD.reflects
7、9.Inflation has surged in recent months due to double-digit spike in sensitive food prices blamed on shortages of pork and other basic goods.A. sharp rise C. dramatic drop B. regular increase D. anticipated decrease（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He sat there for many days in meditation, opening himself up to t
8、he truth（分数：1.00）A.solaceB.boredomC.silenceD.contemplationB11.New research raises new concerns that altering crops to withstand such threats may pose new risks from _ the weeds themselves.（分数：1.00）A.anything butB.other thanC.more thanD.none other than12.It is bad manner to _ other people behind thei
9、r backs.（分数：1.00）A.do upB.do byC.do away withD.do down13.It is very plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day.（分数：1.00）A.conductiveB.constructiveC.conciliateD.conducive14.He was fired because
10、of his _ refusal to follow orders.（分数：1.00）A.obstinateB.obstructiveC.obscureD.obsessive15.I was standing waiting for a bus, _ between two old ladies and their bags of shopping.（分数：1.00）A.wedgedB.mingledC.primedD.stuffed16.Roy, who was supposed to on a diet, kept making _ trips to the kitchen to nibb
11、leon this and that, whenever he thought no one would notice.（分数：1.00）A.respiteB.surreptitiousC.secretD.merry17.Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austens novels has oscillated between _ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary contemp
12、oraries.（分数：1.00）A.dismissalB.adorationC.disapprovalD.indifference18.The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to put _ to someone who knows nothing about food values.（分数：1.00）A.overB.asideC.alongD.across19.In Hong Kongs huge Ocean Terminal shopping complex Prudential has opened a shop alongside
13、 _ fashion brands such as Prada and Ralph Lauren.（分数：1.00）A.inspiringB.operationalC.aspirationalD.mind-bending20.Prices reach equilibrium at the level at which quantity demanded _ quantity supplied.（分数：1.00）A.is equal toB.equalC.equals toD.is equal21.Can you believe that I won the photo contest with
14、 the _ of the two pictures that was most esthetic, even though I only tried to hang them where there were nails!（分数：1.00）A.autonomyB.cynicismC.conglomerateD.dexterity22.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time.（分数：1.00）A.had be
15、en capturedB.being always capturedC.only to be capturedD.unfortunately captured23.They reported the loss and gave all the necessary _ to the police.（分数：1.00）A.happeningsB.qualificationsC.characteristicsD.particulars24.No one was absent from the meeting, _?（分数：1.00）A.was sheB.werent sheC.were theyD.w
16、erent they25.In the next few weeks consumer spending will increase by 7% in America, _ with last year, according to a consumer survey by Deloitte, a consultancy.（分数：1.00）A.comparingB.comparedC.to compareD.having compared26.“Common language“ here usually means a foreign language, but the same point a
17、pplies in principle _ any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language.（分数：1.00）A.toB.forC.withD.on27.Sharon as supposed to be here at nine oclock, she _ about our meeting.（分数：1.00）A.would have forgottenB.should have forgottenC.ought to have forgottenD.must have forgotten28.
18、Most of _ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains.（分数：1.00）A.theseB.whatC.whichD.their29.My wealthy aunt exceeds the trait of being economical. She is so _ that she washes paper plates to be used again.（分数：1.00）A.affluentB.parsimoniousC.indigentD.selfis
19、h30.The scheme was _ when it was discovered it would be very costly.（分数：1.00）A.resignedB.surrenderedC.releasedD.abandoned四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneDiscussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of nat
20、ional culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether fine commentator is North American or Puerto Rica. Many American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long l
21、ine of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. Such a “socio-demographic“ approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approac
22、h fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the “radical“ critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divide
23、d Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility, and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.In contrasts, the “Colonialist“ approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo Seda-B
24、onilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Lius Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of national culture in an unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a strong tradition of culture accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fern
25、andez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Ricos commonwealth status share the same universalizing orientation. But the Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advoc
26、ating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the subjugation of colonial nationalities.This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North Ame
27、rican history. They pose the clash of national cultures as an absolute polarity, with each culture understood as static and undifferentiated. Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies; forces that m
28、ay move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere “assimilation“. Consider, for example, the indigenous and Afro-Caribbean traditions in Puerto Rican culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. The elements
29、 of Coercion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework, play no role in this kind of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same class.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors main purpose is to _.（分数：2.00）A.criticize the emphasis on social stan
30、ding in discussions of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United StatesB.support the thesis that assimilation has not been a benign process for Puerto RicansC.defend a view of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans that emphasizes the preservation of national cultureD.indicate deficiencies in two s
31、chools of thought on the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States(2).Culture accommodation is promoted by _.（分数：2.00）A.Eduardo Seda-BonillaB.Manuel Maldonado-DenisC.The author of Divided SocietyD.many supporters of Puerto Ricos commonwealth status(3).A writer such as Eugenio Fernandez Mend
32、ez would most likely agree that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is necessary for the members of such groups to adapt to the culture of the majorityB.the members of such groups generally encounter a culture that is static and undifferentiatedC.social mobility is the most important feature of the experience of member
33、s of such groupsD.social scientists should emphasize the cultural and political aspects of the experience of members of such groups(4).The Puerto Rican writers who have written most about assimilation do NOT _.（分数：2.00）A.regard assimilation as benignB.resist cultural integrationC.describe in detail
34、the process of assimilationD.take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case(5).The “colonialist“ approach is so Called because its practitioners _.（分数：2.00）A.support Puerto Ricos commonwealth statusB.have a strong tradition of culture accommodationC.emphasize the class relations at w
35、ork in both Puerto Rican and North American historyD.regard the political relation of Puerto Rico to the United States as a significant factor in the experience of Puerto RicansPassage TwoIn the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers
36、 would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they are nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful compu
37、ters struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of
38、thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation inste
39、ad of formal logic and conventional programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AL movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of
40、 the field.Imitating the brains neural network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still missed an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors. “ He explains,
41、 “But its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.“ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell
42、. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. B
43、ut if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.（分数：10.00）(1).The author says that the powerful computer of today _.（分数：2.00）A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.
44、are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in human language(2).The new trend in AI research stems from _.（分数：2.00）A.the shift of focus of study onto the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be du
45、plicated with logical, step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells(3).Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous
46、efforts to _.（分数：2.00）A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought(4).Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?（分数：2.00）A.I
47、t has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future p
48、rospects.(5).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game in town“?（分数：2.00）A.The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.
49、D.The only game they would play in town.Passage ThreeMary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel inclu
