1、翻译硕士英语学位 MTI 考试北京航空航天大学 2014 年真题及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The audience disliked the film thoroughly and were _ by whistling and stamping their feet.（分数：1.00）A.protectingB.protestingC.projectingD.proposing2.In our society, a wedding invitation is also an _ invitati
2、on for a gift.（分数：1.00）A.ingeniousB.intelligibleC.implicitD.inclusive3.After taking office, China“s Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, tried his best to promote the new _ policies.（分数：1.00）A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics4.I called on him the morning after our arrival, and was _ with his gay, pre
3、cise manner and obvious power of decision.（分数：1.00）A.inclinedB.impliedC.impressedD.illustrated5.She has a small machine for _ coffee beans.（分数：1.00）A.breakingB.grindingC.splittingD.crashing6.Mr. John had given no _ that he was intending to resign.（分数：1.00）A.directionB.symptomC.informationD.indicatio
4、n7.The members in the testing team were quite _ and could change schedule upon request.（分数：1.00）A.flexibleB.gentleC.sophisticatedD.shrewd8.The tourists _ through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.（分数：1.00）A.peeredB.peepedC.glancedD.glimpse
5、d9.The noise was so faint that you had to _ your ears to hear it.（分数：1.00）A.stirB.strengthenC.strainD.stride10.You should _ to one or more weekly magazines such as Time, or People.（分数：1.00）A.subscribeB.orderC.prescribeD.reclaim11.Fred doesn“t like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his s
6、trawberries, because he prefers them _.（分数：1.00）A.plainB.simpleC.naturalD.ordinary12.I“ve got a big coffee _ on the front of my dress.（分数：1.00）A.poreB.patchC.stainD.grease13.Can you take the day off tomorrow? Well, I“ll have to get _ from my boss.（分数：1.00）A.permissionB.permitC.allowanceD.possession1
7、4.While the population of the United States includes a great variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds, Japan“s population is _.（分数：1.00）A.autonomousB.homogeneousC.ambitiousD.anonymous15.The manager gave her his _ that her complaint would be investigated.（分数：1.00）A.consentB.conceptionC.assuranceD.ins
8、urance16.We expect Mr. White will _ Class One when Miss Jane retires.（分数：1.00）A.take overB.take upC.take offD.take to17.She resorted to _ when she had no money to buy food for her children.（分数：1.00）A.have stolenB.stealC.stoleD.stealing18._ a fine day, we decided to go for a picnic.（分数：1.00）A.Having
9、beenB.BeingC.WhatD.It being19.In computer programming, this model is _ to any of the others we have ever had.（分数：1.00）A.more superiorB.the more superiorC.the most superiorD.superior20.No sooner _ than he realized that he should have remained silent.（分数：1.00）A.the words had spokenB.had the words spok
10、enC.the words had been spokenD.had the words been spoken21.The factory manager and secretary _ our party.（分数：1.00）A.is to attendB.are to attendC.were to attendD.is attended22.We can make an exception _.（分数：1.00）A.in any case of JohnB.in case of JohnC.in case of John“sD.in the case of John23.If only
11、I _ what you wanted!（分数：1.00）A.knewB.knowC.had knownD.have known24._ the building did he realize that there was danger everywhere in it.（分数：1.00）A.Upon enteringB.When he enteredC.Only after enteringD.After he had entered25.The Brownings have not _ yet and I doubt whether they will come.（分数：1.00）A.tu
12、rned inB.turned outC.turned upD.turned to26.While driving along the treacherous road, _.（分数：1.00）A.my right rear tyre blew outB.my right rear tyre had a blowoutC.I had a blowout on my right rear tyreD.I had my right rear tyre blowout27.I have given up trying to convince him, there is no point _ with
13、 him.（分数：1.00）A.by arguingB.with arguingC.for arguingD.in arguing28.If he hadn“t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ here now.（分数：1.00）A.wouldn“t be smilingB.won“t smileC.couldn“t have smiledD.didn“t smile29.He“s 26. It“s high time he _ a trade to make a living.（分数：1.00）A.learnB
14、.learnsC.must learnD.learned30.The prices of TV sets are about 20% _. The manufacturers are almost selling their products _ cost.（分数：1.00）A.off, atB.down, atC.less, forD.lower, on二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Computer programmers often remark that computing machines,
15、with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machine“s “intelligence“ on the details of its own perceptionsits inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological descrip
16、tion of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simplemindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though
17、to a lesser extent. Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn th
18、at the Schrodinger equation (薛定谔方程) for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect
19、 approximation to an infinite set of quantum field, theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for
20、the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation tha
21、t mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians“ literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians t
22、urn the scientists“ theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investiga
23、tion but intensely disturbing in the mathematical contextwhat happens if the axioms are relaxed? is thereby ignored. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly chan
24、ged, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.（分数：10.00）(1).The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to do which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Indicate the dangers inheren
25、t in relying to a great extent on machinesB.Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solvingC.Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmersD.Provide one definition of intelligence(2).According to the passage, mathematicians present a danger to scien
26、tists for which of the following reasons?（分数：2.00）A.Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientistsB.Mathematicians may define situation in a way that is incomprehensible to scientistsC.Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assum
27、ptions are factsD.Scientists may begin to provide arguments that are convincing but imprecise(3).The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problems is which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Practical for scientific purposesB.Detrimental to scientific progressC.Unimportant
28、in most situationsD.Expedient, but of little long-term value(4).The author suggests that a mathematician asked to solve a problem in an ill-defined situation would first attempt to do which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Identify an analogous situationB.Simplify and define the situationC.Vary the under
29、lying assumptions of a description of the situationD.Determine what use would be made of the solution provided(5).The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that _.（分数：2.00）A.some factors in most situations must remain unknownB.changes in axiomatic proposi
30、tions will inevitably undermine scientific argumentsC.well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experimentsD.mathematical solutions can rarely be applied to real problemsTraditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points-periods, countries, dramatic
31、events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one“s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the
32、 revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “
33、What happened?“ and “How did it happen?“ have given way to the question “Why did it happen?“. Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical conte
34、xts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho-historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commit
35、ment excludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts“ not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and produces its theories not from this or that insta
36、nce in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic principle of historical methods: that historians be alert
37、 to the negative instances that would refute their views. Psycho-historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest“ explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate th
38、e discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had multiplicity of causes and effects. It
39、 imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is pr
40、esumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The approach of psycho-historians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical met
41、hodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psycho-historiansC.History is composed of unique and non-repeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidenceD.The psychological assessment of an individual“s behavior and
42、 attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life(2).It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditionally history usually _.（分数：2.00）A.views past events as complex and having their own indiv
43、idualityB.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical eventsC.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcendedD.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events(3).The passage supplies information for a
44、nswering which of the following questions?（分数：2.00）A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?B.What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?C.When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations o
45、f historical developments appropriate?D.What sort of historical figure is best suited for psycho-historical analysis?(4).The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psycho-historians ?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather th
46、an narrative formB.Archives used by psycho-historians to gather material are not accessible to other scholarsC.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schemaD.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhoo
47、d of the figure(5).The author of the passage puts the word “deepest“ in quotation marks most probably in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psycho-historians“ claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psycho-historians“ methodC.emphasize the maj
48、or difference between the traditional historians“ claims from her opinion of their methodD.disassociate her opinion of the psycho-historians“ claims from her opinion of their methodMany literary detectives have pored over a great puzzle concerning the writer Marcel Proust: what happened in 1909? How
49、 did Contre Saint-Beuve, an essay attacking the methods of the critic Saint Beuve, turn into the start of the novel Remembrance of Things Past ? A recently published letter from Proust to the editor Vallette confirms that Fallois, the editor of the 1954 edition of Contre Saint-Beuve , made an essentially correct guess about the relationship of the essay to the novel. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a n
