1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma women“s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas
2、 and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don“t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said “She“s the talker in our family.“ The room
3、burst into laughter. The man looked puzzled and hurt. “It“s true,“ he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn“t keep the conversation going, we“d spend the whole evening in silence.“ This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more th
4、an women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interv
5、iewed but only a few of the men gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every yeara virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research, complaints from women abou
6、t their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn“t lis
7、ten to me.“, “He doesn“t talk to me.“ I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotyp
8、ical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.（分数：10.00）(1).What is most wives“ main expectation of their husbands?（分数：2.00）A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers
9、.D.Sharing housework.(2).Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc“(Para.2)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageD.creating pressure(3).All of the following are true EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 5
10、0 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse(4).Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?（分数：2.00）A.The moral decaying deserves mo
11、re research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（
12、分数：2.00）A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerOver the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating
13、 automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing w
14、ith soap, that remain killers only because we can“t figure out how to change people“s habits,“ said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at London School of Hygiene that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denie
15、d the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of
16、 direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury dut
17、y was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called
18、 elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of sta
19、tes made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of wome
20、n through the 1960s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section
21、of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ord
22、ered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.（分数：10.00）(1).From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.both literate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB.defendants are immune from trial by their peersC.no age limit should be imposed fo
23、r jury serviceD.judgment should consider the opinion of the public(2).The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_.（分数：2.00）A.the inadequacy of antidiscrimination lawsB.the prevalent discrimination against certain racesC.the conflicting ideals injury selection proceduresD.t
24、he arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges(3).Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_.（分数：2.00）A.they were automatically banned by state lawsB.they fell far short of the required qualificationsC.they were supposed to perform domestic dutiesD.they tended
25、to evade public engagement(4).After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,_.（分数：2.00）A.sex discrimination injury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedB.educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsC.jurors at the state level ought to be repres
26、entative of the entire communityD.states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system(5).In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on_.（分数：2.00）A.its nature and problemsB.its characteristics and traditionC.its problems and their solutionsD.its tradition and developme
27、ntHenric Ibsen, author of the play “A Doll“s House“, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board director
28、s are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 companies it affects are still too male for the government“s liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequenceswhi
29、ch could include being dissolved. Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America“s 15% for the Fort
30、une 500. Norway“s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. “I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,“ says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the
31、 basis of merit and experience,“ he says. Several firms have even given up their status in order to escape the new law. Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have
32、 collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “golden skirts“. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies. They occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms
33、 in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, howeve
34、r, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. “Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,“ says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway“s chairman of the year for 2007, “and we can afford to ask the hard question, because women are not always expected to know the answers
35、.“（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions Ibsen“s play in the first paragraph in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.depict women“s dilemma at workB.explain the newly passed lawC.support Norwegian governmentD.introduce the topic under discussion(2).A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to_.（分数：
36、2.00）A.pay a heavy fineB.close to a private businessC.change to a private businessD.sign a document promising to act(3).To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B.A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C.A
37、 common principle should be followed by all companies.D.An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.(4).The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts“ to_.（分数：2.00）A.the small number of qualified females in managementB.the over-recruitment of female managers in public compani
38、esC.the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD.the discrimination toward women in Norwegians business circles(5).The main idea of the passage might be_.（分数：2.00）A.female power and liberation in NorwayB.the significance of Henric Ibsen“s playC.women“s status in Norwegian firmsD.th
39、e constitution of board members in NorwayWhile there“s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric cancer centers, but young adults have a tough
40、 time finding peer, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents. In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she“s discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she wa
41、s diagnosed with a rate form of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs. Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a “full-time healing addict“. Then she picked up the phone and called e
42、veryone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her personal “cancer posse“: a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of “cancer babes“ offered support, advice, and fashi
43、on tips, among other things. Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn“t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her(Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and
44、she calls them. She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. “I refused to let cancer ruin my party,“ she writes. “There are just too many cooling things to do and plan and live for.“ Ms. Carr still has cancer,
45、 but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you“re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor“s “I Will Survive“ so loud your neighbors call the police. Ms Can-a
46、lso advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your life about your illness. “People you tell are going to cautiously and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle, “ she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it g
47、ets to her heart of what every cancer patient wants the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?（分数：2.00）A.Children.B.People in their 20s and 30s.C.Young adults.D.Elderly people.(2).All of the following sta
48、tements are sure EXCEPT_（分数：2.00）A.Kris Carr is female writer.B.Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C.Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D.Kris Carr is very optimistic.(3).The phrase “cancer posse“(Para 3)probably refer to_（分数：2.00）A.a cancer research organization.B.a group of people who suffer from
49、cancer.C.people who have recovered from cancer.D.people who cope with cancer.(4).Kris Carr makes up names for the people who treat her because_（分数：2.00）A.she is depressed and likes swearing.B.she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctors.C.she wants to leave the medical advice to doctors.D.she tries to leave a good impression on doctors.(5).From Kris Carr“s cancer tips we may infer that_（分数：2.00）A.she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer.B.she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from canc
