1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The pressure _ causes American to be energetic, but it also puts them trader a constant emotional strain.（分数：2.00）A.to competeB.competingC.to be competedD.having competed2.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _ drawing millions
2、 of visitors every year.（分数：2.00）A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement3.When he arrived, he found _ the aged and the sick at home.（分数：2.00）A.none butB.none other thanC.nothing butD.no other than4.Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.（分数：2.00）A.be livingB.were li
3、vingC.would liveD.would have lived5.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices.（分数：2.00）A.asB.whenC.afterD.while6.In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.（分数：2.00）A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast7.Only under special circumstances _ to take make-u
4、p tests.（分数：2.00）A.are freshmen permittedB.freshmen are permittedC.permitted are freshmenD.are permitted freshmen8.It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.（分数：2.00）A.had leakedB.is leakingC.leakedD.has been leaking9.She ought to stop work; she
5、 has a headache because she _ too long.（分数：2.00）A.has been readingB.had readC.is readingD.read10.The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.（分数：2.00）A.atB.inC.ofD.with二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Mary
6、land, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.“ Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject (试验对象)sat before a computer screen and pressed a key
7、 as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally wellThe next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed
8、into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (居古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test req
9、uired people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but a
10、lso had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.“As our tests became more complex,“ sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.“ He predicts, “Smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking a
11、irline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.“（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of George Spilichs experiments is _.（分数：2.00）A.to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB.to show how smoking
12、 damages peoples mental capacityC.to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performanceD.to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory(2).George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _.（分数：2.00）A.compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB.
13、put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC.check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD.register the prompt responses of the subjects(3).The word “bested“(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.beatB.enviedC.caught up withD.made the best of(4).Which of the following statement
14、s is true?（分数：2.00）A.Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B.Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.C.Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D.Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.(5).We
15、 can infer from the Last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB.smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC.no airline pilots smoke during flightsD.smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency casesSince we are social beings, the quality of our lives
16、 depends in Large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of u
17、s with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of so
18、cial support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by o
19、thers despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps
20、us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力)us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support, a financial aid, material resources, and needed services- that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.（分数：10.00）(1)
21、.Interpersonal relationships are important because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are indispensable to peoples social well-beingB.they waken peoples desire to exchange resourcesC.they help people to cope with life in the information eraD.they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.(2).Research
22、shows that peoples physical and mental health _.（分数：2.00）A.relies on the social welfare systems which support themB.has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC.depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD.is closely related to their strength for coping with m
23、ajor changes in their lives(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions“ (Line 1, Para. 2)?（分数：2.00）A.Adds up to.B.Does away with.C.Lessens the effect of.D.Lays the foundation for.(4).Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _.（分数：2.00）A.instrumental s
24、upportB.informational supportC.social companionshipD.the strengthening of self-respect(5).Social companionship is beneficial in that _.（分数：2.00）A.it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB.it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC.it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD.it d
25、raws our attention away from our worries and troublesLong after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized
26、 an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 m
27、inutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average
28、, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The ave
29、rage speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher a
30、rgues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.（分数：10.00）(1).The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.（分数：2.00）A.review the decisions of ref
31、erees at the 1998 World CupB.analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC.set a standard for football refereeingD.reexamine the rules for football refereeing(2).The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _.（分数：2.00）A.slightly above averageB.higher than in the 1998 Wor
32、ld CupC.quite unexpectedD.as high as in a standard match(3).The findings of the experiment show that _.（分数：2.00）A.errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB.the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC.the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will
33、errors occurD.errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot(4).The word “officials“ (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the researchers involved in the experimentB.the inspectors of the football tournamentC.the referees of the football tournamentD.the observers at the si
34、te of the experiment(5).What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?（分数：2.00）A.The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 35.B.Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C.A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible
35、.D.An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of co
36、urse, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But thats not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科) university that doesnt even offer a major in ele
37、ctrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted toopen my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who werent study
38、ing science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories
39、“ where they didnt care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者)all in one.Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of strugg
40、ling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to becoming the typical successful student is tha
41、t engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.（分数：10.00）(1).The author chose to study engineering at
42、a small liberal-arts university because he _.（分数：2.00）A.wanted to be an example of practicality and rationalityB.intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistC.wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in collegeD.intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals(2).Accord
43、ing to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _.（分数：2.00）A.balance engineering and the liberal artsB.receive guidance in their careersC.become noble idealistsD.broaden their horizons(3).In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is ex
44、pected _.（分数：2.00）A.to have an excellent academic recordB.to be wise and matureC.to be imaginative with a value system to guide himD.to be a technical genius with a wide vision(4).The authors experience shows that he was _.（分数：2.00）A.creativeB.ambitiousC.unrealisticD.irrational(5).The word “they“ in
45、 “together they threaten to confuse“ (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.engineering and the liberal artsB.reality and noble idealsC.flexibility and a value systemD.practicality and rationality三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between hi
46、s consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grainU (31) /Uconsuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his familyU (32) /Uhe produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insuranceU (33) /Uthe unpredictabl
47、e effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order toU (34) /Uold agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers toU (35) /Uthe soil. He may also need money to construct irrigationU (36) /Uand improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot b
48、eU (37) /U. He must either sell some of his property orU (38) /Uextra fids in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a lowU (39) /Uof interest, but loans of this kind are notU (40) /Uobtainable.（分数：20.00）A.other thanB.as well asC.instead ofD.more thanA.only ifB.much asC.long bef
49、oreD.ever sinceA.forB.againstC.supplementD.disposeA.replaceB.purchaseC.supplementD.disposeA.enhanceB.mixC.feedD.raiseA.vesselsB.routesC.pathsD.channelsA.self-confidentB.self-sufficientC.self-satisfiedD.self-restrainedA.searchB.saveC.offerD.seekA.proportionB.percentageC.rateD.ratioA.genuinelyB.obviouslyC.presumablyD.frequently四、BPart Dia
