1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-298 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Personality is to a large extent inherent. A-type parents usually (1) A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect (2) if competition is important to the parents, it is (3) to become a major fact
2、or in the lives of their children.One place where children (4) A characteristics is school, which is, (5) its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (6) the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current (7) for making child
3、ren compete against their classmates or against the (8) produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too (9) to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (10) dead seconds after sa
4、ying. “Rejoice, we conquer!“(11) the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. There is, for example, a (12) school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The (13) of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but compe
5、tition in the certain (14) of failure is positively harmful.(15) , it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to (16) a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the
6、preoccupation of schools with academic work was (17) , more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection (18) the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (19) as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake
7、 to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A bring about B care for C carry on D keep up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A when B since C although D and（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A possible B crucial C likely D essential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A draw on B get
8、 over C drag on D soak up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A for B by C with D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A adapt B abide C adopt D absorb（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A passion B support C initiative D desirability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A authority B world C nature D clock（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A liable B ready C keen D fond（分数
9、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A dropped B collapsed C tripped D stumbled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A So far B By far C Thus far D Far too（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A responsible B reliable C scarce D rare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A merits B drawbacks C defects D faults（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A destiny B recognition C knowledg
10、e D intention（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A Frequently B Obviously C Presumably D Specifically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A suit B apply C accustom D fit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A augmented B lessened C increased D boosted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B of C by D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A judgments B assumptions C co
11、nsiderations D estimates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A appreciated B opted C adored D encouraged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modem society. More and more people a
12、re paying special attention to it. When it comes to the reasons, here are two of them. Modem youth are more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and bel
13、iefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They are reluctant to listen to the advice from elder generation. If they behave in the way, as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it. Studies also show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from si
14、ngle-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Children in single-parent families are taken less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society. There are several ways to prevent t
15、he youth from committing crimes. School education plays an important role to teach traditional beliefs. Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Also, mutual understa
16、nding between parents and children is also very important. Parental supervision and guidance are a key factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family educ
17、ation. And others are starting to pay attention to another problem in modern society that may underline all sorts of crimes, including juvenile delinquency, though it is believed that the development of information technology has made the world smaller. Modern people have greater tensions so that th
18、ey have less time to communicate with each other. More and more people are living in urban areas, where life is in a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, which is the most important reason of all, city dwellers have to be working hard in order to keep up with the steps of city life. Everybody is
19、 busy all the time. Work pressures deprive them of a casual way of life. Moreover, living in apartments in different blocks, people are isolated from each other. It is not convenient for them to meet each other freely.（分数：10.00）(1).The expression “ juvenile delinquency “ (Line 1, Para. 1)most probab
20、ly means_. A young couple who get divorcedB crimes committed by young peopleC people getting married at a young ageD lack of education opportunities for young people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What are the reasons for juvenile delinquency presented in paragraph 2 ？A The negative influence of mass media and
21、 single parent family. B Young peoples tendency to be rebellious and high divorce rates. C The influence of mass media and young peoples tendency to be rebellious. D High divorce rate and single-parent family.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following is NOT a correct statement about the modern
22、 youth?A They want to get rid of the traditional principles. B They dont want to listen to their elder generation. C They often commit crimes without realizing it. D They want to depend on themselves more than their parents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The most important part for young peoples self-discipli
23、ne and self-improvement is_. A mutual understanding between parents and childrenB overseeing and direction from parentsC parents and children spending as much time as possible togetherD more educational books and TV programs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the “ another problem “ mentioned in paragraph
24、4?A A lot of problems have been caused by information technology. B Modern people are feeling isolated from each other. C Competition is much more severe than ever before. D Modern society hosts all sorts of crimes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leon
25、ardo and home to a museum of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Korean-born American artist and the Renaissance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic potential in his scientific experiments, Mr Paik endeavors to harness
26、 media technology for artistic purp9ses. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and interactive sculptures.Mr Paik was not alone. He and fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to record
27、their performance art. Now, to mark video arts coming of age, New Yorks Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called “The First Decade“. It celebrates the early days of video by screening the archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the worlds leading distr
28、ibutors of video and new media art, founded 30 years ago.One of EAIs most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of video artists, who emerged in the 1970s, Mr Viola experimented with videos expressive potential. His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas. The Viola
29、 show at the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all-embracing cycles of life and death.One new star is a Californian, Doug Aitken, who took over Londons Serpentine Gallery last October with an installation called “New O
30、cean“. Some say Mr Aitken is to video what Jackson Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating sequences of rooms in which the Space surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory images, of sound and light.At the Serpentine, Mr Aitken created a collage of moving images, on t
31、he theme of waters flow around the planet as a force of life. “I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a liquid image, to show a world that never stands still,“ he says. The boundary between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks, is blurring.The interplay of
32、 illusion and reality, sound and image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form that is barely 30 years old can make video art difficult to define. Many call it film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic media. At its best, the a
33、ppeal of video art lies in its versatility, its power to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and outside gallery walls.（分数：10.00）(1).The birthplace of Leonardo is mentioned in the textA to introduce the topic of the technology of video art.B to pay tribute to th
34、is Renaissance master.C to honor his contribution to scientific discoveries.D to outline the development of art television.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Toward the novel literary idea, the authors attitude seems to be that ofA Disapproval.B Neutrality.C Appreciation.D Suspicion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).As pointe
35、d out in the text, the video art technology is characterized by itsA human ingenuityB complex definition.C strong appeal.D amazing interactivity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The videos created by Dough Aitken is used to show a combination ofA television and robotics.B illusion and reality.C sculptures and p
36、aintings.D space and planets.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would the best title for the text?A “A New Generation 0f Artists“.B “Video Art is Going Nowhere“.C “A Cradle of Famous Artists“.D “New Art for the MTV Generation“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Biologically, there is
37、only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divided world
38、, a laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on the most
39、complex and subtle of all-human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplains early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As tha
40、t great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way. “A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from refined tinkle to an earthquaking roar, but the effect is alw
41、ays the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so
42、we never get a lopsided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war, political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts o
43、f somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about wars in G
44、ullivers Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they cant agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we are meant to laugh; hut we are meant to weep too. It is no wonder that in totalitarian regimes any satire against the Establishment is wholly banned. It is
45、too powerful weapon to be allowed to flourish.The sense of humor must be singled out as mans most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative-these are qualities we share with other forms oflife. Bu
46、t the sense of humor is an unique human quality. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.（分数：10.00）(1).The author quotes Dr. Samuel Johnsons words toA spotlight the unifying force of a sense of humor.B stress the harmony between individuals
47、 and society.C highlight the incomparable luxury of humor.D show the distinction between humans and animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Acording to the author, “political fanatics“ (Para. 2) more often than not fall victim toA political realities.B wild illusions.C adverse comments.D noble qualities.（分数：2.
48、00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the 4th paragraph, what interests the author is that some politicians fail toA perceive the value of humor.B gain a correct sense of values.C distinguish comedy from tragedy.D realize dangers of hypocrisy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A Government agencies are often an inappropriate subject for humor.B A sense of humor inevitably prompts us to take ourselves seriously.C Many issues on trivialities may arise for lack of a sense of humor.D The pursuit for happiness is one of the greatest goals in our life.（分数：2.0
