1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-297 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Between 1900 and 1912, the nations of Europe were at peace. But there were hostilities, rivalries, and conflicts brewing that would soon tear the whole continent apart. The great conflict was World War . (1) just prior to
2、 that war, there were two (2) conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula. These two short wars took place in 1912 and 1913. Their (3) result was to end the (4) of the Turkish Ottoman Empire in Europe. The more tragic (5) of the Balkan Wars was to heighten the already fierce international tensions that were (
3、6) the nations of Europe toward World War .In 1912 the Balkan nations (7) of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece. The Macedonian region in northern Greece was under the (8) of the Turks. The Balkan lands were also peopled by many intensely nationalistic ethnic grou
4、ps. Among these were Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Bulgars and Macedonians. These peoples had long been fierce rivals for territory and political (9) . Religious (10) between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians within these groups further added to their disputes. These rivalries still (11) .S
5、erbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro formed the Balkan League in 1912. In October 1912 the Balkan League (12) war (13) the Ottoman Turks. The Balkan (14) were quickly victorious. They won battles (15) Skopje, Monastir and other cities. The war ended in December. In May 1913 a treaty signed in Lon
6、don formally (16) the conflict. The Turks lost most of their European (17) .(18) , the peace did not last. In June 1913 Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece. This (19) conflict was ended by a (20) signed in Bucharest in August 1913.（分数：10.00）(1).A But B while C And D Or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A local B
7、regional C regular D rational（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A momentary B prompt C instant D immediate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A present B presence C extinction D consequence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A affect B affection C effect D efficiency（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A driving B pushing C going D laying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7)
8、.A stood B assisted C represented D consisted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A donation B demonstration C domination D dormitory（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A power B powder C ideal D demand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A differences B habits C deference D tradition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A insist B persist C resist D enlarge（分
9、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A declared B claimed C proclaimed D maintained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A on B with C for D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A bands B allies C armies D battles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A on B at C with D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A settled B finished C excluded D included（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A n
10、ations B places C territories D colonies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A However B Meanwhile C Therefore D Moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A latter B great C second D formal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A failure B treaty C contract D compact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、
11、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can he like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of
12、 the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.This peoples enc
13、yclopedia of the Web a free site called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, web sites that allow users to directly edit any web page with one click of the mo
14、use.Wikipedia the largest example of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could he shared and copied freely
15、 while encouraging people to change and improve the content. Each and every article has an “Edit this page” button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passersby, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content th
16、at has been evaluated and revised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information.The Wikipedi
17、a project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of Internet startup B, after his original project for a volunteer, hut strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred a
18、rticles. Not wanting the content to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection.The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning ove
19、r a dozen language translations. After two years, it had 100,000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at A, it ha
20、s become more popular than traditional online encyclopedias such as B and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the internet.（分数：10.00）(1).The author called Wikipedia peoples encyclopedia becauseA it is accessible to all the passersby. B it can be edited by everyone.C it is run by o
21、rdinary people. D it is built to the taste of common citizens.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the goal of Wikipedia according to the passage?A To create a peoples encyclopedia that is free to share and copy.B To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.C To create an online environment where p
22、eople freely exchange information.D To create a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “languish” (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning toA wither. B abort. C lose vigor. D lose appeal.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wi
23、kipedia project in order toA create a peoples encyclopedia, B produce huge amounts of articles.C make available resources useful again, D promote a wiki website.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about Wikipedia?A It has once run into trouble.B There existed disaster and chaos in th
24、e beginning.C Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value.D It has been a great success from the beginning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs“, where all eight of his great-gran
25、dparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and off
26、er a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border securit
27、y. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hir
28、e illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal
29、-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talk-radio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws agai
30、nst hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democrati
31、c senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immig
32、ration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are bet
33、ter placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduo
34、us and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about families and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a d
35、omestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and behave.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph toA introduce the main topic of immigration
36、 law reforming.B remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D emphasize the fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?A Th
37、e bill is widely supported by various political strips.B The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C The bill is designed to improve American immigration system.D The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “stoned“ (line 1, paragraph3 )
38、 most probably meansA stiffened. B constructed. C criticized. D supported（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can inferred from the passage thatA the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved illegals.B the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C employers are the only gr
39、oup that enthusiastically support the new bill.D illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems to beA supportive. B objective. C confused. D optimistic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If y
40、ou are anything like me, you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought, there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old
41、 actors.Meet Deborah Rhode, a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race. In a provocative new book, The Beauty Bias, Rhode lays out the case for an America in which appearance discriminatio
42、n is no longer allowedThat means Hooters cant fire its servers for being too heavy, as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 132 pounds.Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America, discrimination again
43、st unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race, sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and disability. Rhode cites research to prove her point: 11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predisposed toward obesity. College students tell surveyors t
44、heyd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler, drug user, or a shoplifter than one who is obese.And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery. Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by t
45、he media for their looks, and says its no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency.And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. And so long as being a h
46、ot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification, there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds. Its not just American men who like things this way. The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants. To put it another way, appearance bias is a massive so
47、cietal problem with tangible economic costs that most of usperhaps especially womenperpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women. This doesnt mean we shouldnt work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance. But it may mean recognizing that the law wont stop us from discri
48、minating against the overweight, the aging, and the imperfect, so long as its the quality we all hate most in ourselves.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the best description of the authors emotions after watching Sex and the City 2?A Envy and longing.B Remorse and guilt.C Jealousy and hatred.D Displeasure and anger.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “ That “ in Para. 2 refers to_.A a law against discrimination based on appearanceB the situation in America when appearance discrimination is illegalC discrimination based on gender or race is eliminatedD a law ag
