1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-295 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1._ she realized it was too late to go home.（分数：2.00）A.No sooner it grew dark thanB.Hardly did it grow dark thatC.Scarcely had it grown dark thanD.It was not until dark that2.The British constitution is _ a large extent
2、a product of the historical events described above.（分数：2.00）A.withinB.toC.byD.at3.Many newcomers complain of the rapid _ of life in Hong Kong.（分数：2.00）A.rateB.paceC.speedD.growth4.I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.（分数：2.00）A.toB.onC.atD.in5.Id _ his reputation with other f
3、armers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：2.00）A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out6.In no country _ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course ora single day.（分数：2.00）A.other than
4、B.more thanC.better thanD.rather than7.Without computers, we _ the tremendous medical advancement in the last few decades.（分数：2.00）A.would not makeB.will not have madeC.could not makeD.couldnt have made8._, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（分数：2.00）A.Although much he likes herB.Much although h
5、e likes herC.As he likes her muchD.Much as he likes her9.Unexpectedly the light _ and we were left in darkness.（分数：2.00）A.burned outB.put outC.turned outD.went out10.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _ the sitting-room.（分数：2.00）A.orderingB.arrangingC.tidying upD.clearing away二、Part Readi
6、ng Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、11-15(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensit
7、y that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years
8、 have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers are not resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater securit
9、y to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its fou
10、ndation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings. The structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the comput
11、er would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.（分数：10.00）(1).One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was com
12、paratively low is that _.（分数：2.00）A.new computers had been installed in the buildingsB.it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC.large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD.improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways(2).The func
13、tion of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.counterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingB.predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC.help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD.measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations(3).The smart buildings discussed i
14、n the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.would cause serious financial problemsB.would be worthwhile though costlyC.would increase the complexity of architectural designD.can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes(4).It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquak
15、es attention should be focused on _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB.the development of flexible building materialsC.the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD.early forecasts of earthquakes(5).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _.（
16、分数：2.00）A.compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.B.encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC.outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materialsD.report new developments in constructing quake-resistant building四、16-20(总题
17、数：1，分数：10.00)In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition (学会) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up
18、 dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone
19、 too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of comin
20、g home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To
21、 forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enoug
22、h to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：10.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills _.（分数：2.00）A.should be avoided
23、B.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of childrens learning new skills parents _.（分数：2.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expec
24、t too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that _（分数：2.00）A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the
25、 needs of the parents and the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “precept“ (Line 3, Par（分数：2.00）A.3) probably means “_“.
26、A. ideaB. punishmentC. behaviourD. instruction(5).In moral matters, parents should _.（分数：2.00）A.observe the roles themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the security of their children五、21-25(总
27、题数：1，分数：10.00)No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人 )of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fa
28、ntasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the tr
29、ack? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting e
30、nough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is tree. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fator even only somewhat overweight-is bad becau
31、se it implies a lack of moral strength:Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. T
32、hese diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we w
33、eigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not
34、enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣).（分数：10.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that _.（分数：2.00）A.r
35、eligious people are not necessarily virtuousB.looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortuneC.being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD.the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue(2).Swept by the prevailing trend, the author _.（分数：2.00）A.had to wear highly fashionable clothesB.
36、had to seek help from rich distant relativesC.had to go o? a diet for the greater part of her lifeD.could still prevent herself from going off the track(3).In human history, peoples views on body weight _.（分数：2.00）A.changed from time to timeB.led to different moral standardsC.varied between the poor
37、 and the richD.were closely related to their religious beliefs(4).The author criticizes womens obsession with thinness _.（分数：2.00）A.from a historical and religious standpointB.from sociological and medical points of viewC.from an economic and educational perspectiveD.in the light of moral principles
38、(5).Whats the authors advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?（分数：2.00）A.They should gain weight to look healthy.B.They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C.They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.D.They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer cl
39、othes.六、26-30(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how
40、 we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize: The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romanti
41、cally. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚)while acting just the contrary. Their typical ex
42、periment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures ar
43、e different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invar
44、iably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Uta
45、h State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they
46、are in the public .eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing
47、a career as manager _.（分数：2.00）A.a persons property or debts do not matter muchB.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC.women should always dress fashionablyD.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists sh
48、ow that _.（分数：2.00）A.people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC.good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not(3).Experiments by scientists hav
49、e shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _.（分数：2.00）A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB.they do not usually act according to the views they supportC.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments(4).“Good looks out both ways for women“ (Line 1, Par（分数：2.00）A.5) means that _.A. attractive women
