1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-266 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.People do not always recall events as they _actually.（分数：2.00）A.are happeningB.will happenC.happenedD.would happen2.Todays popular clothing chains _teenagers, who can be counted upon to change their tastes every 30 day
2、s.（分数：2.00）A.resort toB.attend toC.appeal mD.apply to3.It _commonplace to think of sport as a “leisure industry“ now.（分数：2.00）A.becameB.will becomeC.is becomingD.had become4.You can always _Jim in a crisis, for he is simply the most helpful person Ive ever known.（分数：2.00）A.refer toB.count onC.cope w
3、ithD.run into5.Two decades ago a woman who shook hands with men on her own _was usually viewed as too for ward.（分数：2.00）A.endeavorB.initiativeC.motivationD.preference6.The first Olympiad is said to have consisted _of a 200-yard foot race near the small city of Olympi（分数：2.00）A.A. nearlyB. completely
4、C. merelyD. identically7.Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will _information to other students at their university or college.（分数：2.00）A.discloseB.deliverC.spreadB. analyze8.The_ choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that will enable him or
5、 her to maximize utility.（分数：2.00）A.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimistic9.Chocolate manufacturers blend many types of beans to yield_ and color desired in the final product.（分数：2.00）A.the shapeB.the flavorC.the functionD.the brand10.Should English classes be _at the elementary or primary school le
6、vel in countries where it is not the native language?A required B. necessary C. selected D. permanent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it will affect them more a
7、nd more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on sciencefor example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as
8、 consumers, they will Be bombarded(受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science-with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles. Fo
9、rtunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounterflashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows. Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupils learn to think logically, to organize and analyse i
10、deas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute, whether it is geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.
11、“ Those who possess it seek answers through ohserving, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution. While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity a
12、nd are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, butit cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed.（分数：10.00）
13、(1).One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will_.（分数：2.00）A.work in scientific research institutionsB.work at jobs Closely related to scienceC.make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD.be fund-raisers for scientific research and exploration(2).Ther
14、e is no doubt that children like learning science because _.（分数：2.00）A.science is linked with many of the things they meetB.science is a very easy subject for them to learnC.they encounter the facts and principles of science dailyD.they are familiar with the process and spirit of science(3).Pupils c
15、an learn logical thinking while_.A. practicing communication skills B studying geographyC. taking art courses D. learning science（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).People with a scientific attitude _.（分数：2.00）A.are ready to accept the pronouncements of othersB.tend to reach conclusions with certaintyC.are aware t
16、hat others are likely to make hasty judgmentsD.seek truth through observation, experimentation and reasoning(5).In the passage the writer seems to _.（分数：2.00）A.prove that science is a successful course in schoolB.point out that science as a course is now poorly taught in schoolC.suggest that science
17、 should be included in the school curriculumD.oredict that children who learn science will be good scientists四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s,were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States
18、. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor
19、to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 sh
20、owed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiat
21、e(区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeasten United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleade
22、d gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest env
23、ironment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expeeted.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem(生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.（分数：10.00
24、）(1).The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead deposits in arctic snow arc on the increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the U. S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow(2)
25、.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the U. S._.（分数：2.00）A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced(3).How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?（分数：2.00）A.By analyzing the data published
26、in journals like Nature.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.(4).The authors of the Ambio study ha
27、ve found that_.（分数：2.00）A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the U. S.D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(5).It can be in
28、ferred from the last paragraph that scientists（分数：2.00）A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC.still consider lead pollution a problemD.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In recent years, railroads hav
29、e been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 per cent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four rail roads will co
30、ntrol well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But man
31、y shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. R
32、ailroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is
33、expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long nm it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of swit
34、ching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It% theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will
35、fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Mar- tin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a w
36、hole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to ac- quire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10. 2 billion bid by
37、Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who% going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX inc
38、rease their grip on the market.（分数：10.00）(1).According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because _.（分数：2.00）A.cost reduction is based on competition.B.services call for cross-trade coordination.C.outside competitors will continue to exist.D.shippers will have the railway by t
39、he throat.(2).What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Indignant.D.Apprehensiv(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B.there will soon be only
40、one railroad company nationwide.C.overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D.a government board ensures fair play in railway business.(4).The word “arbiters“(Line 6, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those _.（分数：2.00）A.who work as coordinators.B.who function as judges.C.who sup
41、ervise transact ions.D.who determine the pric(5).According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.the continuing acquisition.B.the growing traffic.C.the cheering Wall Street.D.the shrinking market.六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Americans today dont place a
42、 very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent diffi
43、cult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Razitchs latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our sch
44、ools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas
45、and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shortis, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor R
46、ichard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells
47、of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are
48、shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Firm exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to read so he can preserve hi
49、s innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people
