1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _ the sitting-room.（分数：2.00）A.orderingB.arrangingC.tidying upD.clearing away2._ she realized it was too late to go home.（分数：2.00）A.No sooner it grew dark thanB.Hardly did it gro
2、w dark thatC.Scarcely had it grown dark thanD.It was not until dark that3._ , he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（分数：2.00）A.Although much he likes herB.Much although he likes herC.As he likes her muchD.Much as he likes her4.In no country _ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seaso
3、ns in the course of a single day.（分数：2.00）A.other thanB.more thanC.better thanD.rather than5.Many newcomers complain of the rapid _ of life in Hong Kong.（分数：2.00）A.rateB.paceC.speedD.growth6.The British constitution is a large extent a product of the historical events described above.（分数：2.00）A.with
4、inB.toC.byD.at7.Unexpectedly the light _ and we were left in darkness.（分数：2.00）A.burned outB.put outC.turned outD.went out8.Without computers, we _ the tremendous medical advancement in the last few decades.（分数：2.00）A.would not makeB.will not have madeC.could not makeD.couldnt have made9.I was _ the
5、 point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.（分数：2.00）A.toB.onC.atD.in10.Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：2.00）A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out二、BPart Reading (
6、总题数：4，分数：40.00)After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: the damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 cl
7、aimed 25, 000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys bu
8、ildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes oft
9、en take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of g
10、round vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings. The structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to sh
11、ift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.（分数：10.00）(1).One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.（分数：2.00
12、）A.new computers had been installed in the buildingsB.it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC.large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD.improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways(2).The function of the computer mentioned in
13、 the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.counterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingB.predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC.help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD.measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations(3).The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.would
14、cause serious financial problemsB.would be worthwhile though costlyC.would increase the complexity of architectural designD.can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes(4).It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on
15、 _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB.the development of flexible building materialsC.the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD.early forecasts of earthquakes(5).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.compare the consequence
16、s of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.B.encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC.outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materialsD.report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildingIn bringing up children, every parent watch
17、es eagerly the childs acquisition (学会) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in th
18、e child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he los
19、es his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, th
20、e controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no fou
21、ndation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been t
22、o some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：10.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills _.（分数：2.00）A.should be avoidedB.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states
23、of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of childrens learning new skills parents _.（分数：2.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pu
24、shing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that _.（分数：2.00）A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC
25、.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “precept“ ( Line 3, Para. 3) probably means“ _“.（分数：2.00）A.ideaB.punishmentC.behaviourD.instruction(5).In mor
26、al matters, parents should _.（分数：2.00）A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the security of their childrenLong after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were sti
27、ll cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of
28、 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to a
29、nalyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the opt
30、imum (最佳的)distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standa
31、rd of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the
32、 action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.（分数：10.00）(1).The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.（分数：2.00）A.review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB.analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC.set a standard for football refere
33、eingD.reexamine the rules for football refereeing(2).The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _.（分数：2.00）A.slightly above averageB.higher than in the 1998 World CupC.quite unexpectedD.as high as in a standard march(3).The findings of the experiment show that _.（分数：2.00）A.error
34、s are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB.the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC.the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD.errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot(4).The word “officials“ (Line 2, Para. 4) most pr
35、obably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the researchers involved in the experimentB.the inspectors of the football tournamentC.the referees of the football tournamentD.the observers at the site of the experiment(5).What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?（分数：2.00）A.The ideal retirement age f
36、or an experienced football referee is 35.B.Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C.A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D.An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.A few common misconceptions. Beauty
37、 is only skin-deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtuall
38、y unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial j
39、obs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a
40、group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an
41、average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher
42、 the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subjec
43、t, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough
44、 literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager _.（分数：2.00）A.a persons property or debts do
45、not matter muchB.a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC.women should always dress fashionablyD.women should not only be attractive but also high-minded(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _.（分数：2.00）A.people do not realize the importance of loo
46、king ones bestB.women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC.good-looking women aspire to managerial positionsD.attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not(3).Experments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attribut
47、es _.（分数：2.00）A.they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deepB.they do not usually act according to the views they supportC.they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratingsD.they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments(4).“Good looks cut both ways for women“ (L
48、ine 1, Para. 5) means that _.（分数：2.00）A.attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB.good-looking women always get the best of everythingC.being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD.attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions(5).I
49、t can inferred from the passage that in the business world _.（分数：2.00）A.handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB.physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC.physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD.good looks are important for women as they are for men三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Smoking, whic
