1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-191 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.All imported wine were made to pay heavy _.（分数：2.00）A.feesB.dutiesC.pricesD.money2.If only I _ the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture.（分数：2.00）A.readB.have readC.had readD.could have read3.Then _ o
2、f that time when he was cowboy.（分数：2.00）A.comes the memoryB.came the memoryC.the memory comesD.the memory came4.The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all sciences.（分数：2.00）A.to whichB.with whichC.in whichD.among which5.Many people complain o
3、f the rapid _ of modem life.（分数：2.00）A.rateB.speedC.paceD.growth6.You think you are clever, _, I assure you that you are very foolish.（分数：2.00）A.on the contraryB.on the other sideC.in other wordsD.on the whole7.Mr. Jack _ volleyball in the afternoon, but now his leg wounded, _ in the evening.（分数：2.0
4、0）A.used to play; is used to taking a walkB.used to playing; is used to take a walkC.was used to playing; used to taking a walkD.was used to play; used to take a walk8.The brave man was greatly honoured when the organizer announced, “You _ a medal!“（分数：2.00）A.earnB.expectC.deserveD.reserve9.American
5、 women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.（分数：2.00）A.ignoredB.neglectedC.refusedD.denied10.Busy _ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.asC.no matter howD.although二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The U.S
6、. birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950s, resulting in a smaller College age population starting in the middle 1970s. Something else happened in the 1970s: the price of oil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost everything and making Americans aware that their large automobil
7、es used a lot of gasoline. At the same time, foreign car manufacturers had begun to produce small fuel efficient cars in large quantities for the export market. Suddenly, the large, gas guzzling American cars were no longer attractive to American buyers, who began buying foreign cars by the thousand
8、s. The American automobile industry went into a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were thousands of people in industries indirectly connected with the auto industry. People who are laid off tend to keep what money they have for necessities, like food and housing. They do n
9、ot have the extra money needed to send their children to college. Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because during a recession they cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be used for social serviceunemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for
10、 examplethan during more prosperous times. It also means that the states have fewer funds than usual, because people are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education depend on two major sources of income to keep them functioning: tuition from students and funds from the states. At the presen
11、t time, there are fewer students than in the past and fewer state funds available for higher education. The colleges and universities are in trouble.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.B.There were many reasons why h
12、igher education was in trouble in the 1970s.C.Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950s.D.High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.(2).The phrase “laid off can best be replaced by which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Poor.B.Got rid of.C.Removed.D.Unemploye(3).American cars were not popula
13、r in their domestic markets because they were _.（分数：2.00）A.smallB.gas consumingC.fuel efficientD.not attractive(4).The colleges and universities were in trouble because of the following masons EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.they couldnt get enough income to keep them runningB.young people couldnt afford t
14、he tuition feesC.keeping them running at the same level would cost much moreD.social services need more state funds because of the recession(5).All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.young people couldnt afford their own tuition in the 1970sB.its difficult for graduates from co
15、lleges to find a job in the 1970sC.fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in 1970sD.birthrate dropped in the 1970s because of the recession四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or ter
16、rible. However, chances are that you dont act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of the behavior is how it can change over the ye
17、ars within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the pu
18、blication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat
19、. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. Its not taboo to talk about fat; its taboo to be fat. The “in“ look is thin, not fat.In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public
20、. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-
21、conscious society like the U.S., thin is “in“, fat is “out“.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, we can infer that taboo is _.（分数：2.00）A.a crime committed on impulseB.an unfavorable impression left on other peopleC.a behavior considered unacceptable by the publicD.a strong desire to do something
22、strange or terrible(2).Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude that, in American society, “being fat“ _.（分数：2.00）A.has long been a tabooB.will always remain a tabooC.may no longer be a taboo somedayD.is not considered a taboo by most people(3).Which of the following statements is
23、 TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Death is a taboo topic today.B.It is taboo to talk about fat.C.The topic of fat is different from many other taboo subjects.D.Fat is a topic that Americans talk about very littl(4).In the U.S., the expression that thin is “in“ and fat is “out“ probably means
24、 _.（分数：2.00）A.thin is “diligent“ and fat is “lazy“B.thin is “fashionable“ and fat is “unfashionable“C.thin is “inside“ and fat is “outside“D.thin is “spiritless“ and fat is “vigorous“(5).In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase “image-conscious society“ can be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.very im
25、aginative society with nice appearanceB.fast-developing society which is built on a clear imageC.the society whose image has been mined because of moneyD.the society in which image has been attached importance to五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Clarke dressed for going out,
26、took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone. At six oclock she came home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette
27、smoke in her house? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry. Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door “a master key“ perhaps. So she stayed at home t
28、he following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didnt go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to
29、 wait. It was just after four oclock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire
30、appeared through the letter box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand w
31、as pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.（分数：10.00）(1).Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because _.（分数：2.00）A.she worked at a club on ThursdayB.she had visitors on ThursdayC.she visited a club on ThursdayD.a special visitor came on Thursday(2).If someone had made a forced
32、 entry _.（分数：2.00）A.Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or windowB.he or she was still in the houseC.things would have been thrown aboutD.he or she would have needed a master key(3).On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out _.（分数：2.00）A.because she didnt want to miss the club againB.to see i
33、f the thief was hanging about outsideC.to the club but then changed her mindD.in an attempt to trick the thief(4).The lock on the front door was one which _.（分数：2.00）A.needed a piece of wire to open itB.could be opened from outside without a keyC.couldnt be opened without a keyD.used a knob instead
34、of a key(5).The wire fell to the floor _.（分数：2.00）A.because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the doorB.hen the mans glove dropped offC.because it was too hot to holdD.because the man just wanted to get away六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, i
35、n part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary sa
36、lt (i.e. sodium chloride), has been studies at Brook Haven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that frequent excess salt eating can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No
37、 matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed high blood pressure whereas a few rapidly developed very serious high blood pressure followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences
38、 in genetic constitution.By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop high blood pressure from salt eating, a resistant strain (the “R“ strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt falls to influence the blood pressure significantly, in c
39、ontrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop high blood pressure from salt, a sensitive strain (“S“ strain) has also been developed.The availability of these two strains permits investigations not possible formerly. They provide a likely laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical
40、 (临床的) aspects of the human types of high blood pressure. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic likelihood of human beings to develop high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive (放射性的) sodium 22 was an important “
41、tool“ in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.（分数：10.00）(1).The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out _.（分数：2.00）A.because members of the same family tend to used similar amounts of saltB.to explore the long-term use of a sodium-based substa
42、nceC.because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressureD.because of the availability of chemically pure salt(2).It can be implied that the main difference between “S“ and “R“ strains is in their _.（分数：2.00）A.need for sodium 22B.amount of salt intakeC.reaction to saltD.type of blood(3).It is
43、implied in the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.a genetic factor is the main factor to develop high blood pressureB.amount of salt eating is an important factor to develop high blood pressureC.the rate to develop high blood pressure lies in the reaction to saltD.high blood pressure can be affected
44、 by mating(4).Among the results of the research discussed in this passage, the most beneficial might be _.（分数：2.00）A.development of diets free of saltB.the early identification of potential high blood pressure victimsC.an early cure for high blood pressureD.control of genetic agents that cause high
45、blood pressure(5).We can infer from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.when salt is added to their diets, rats and human beings act in the same wayB.the near future will see a cure for high blood pressureC.the medical field is desperately in need of researchD.a tendency toward high blood pressure may be
46、a genetic factor七、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the hands of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (31) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have
47、any (32) visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth imaginary story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (33) elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied (34) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the (35) American cou
48、ple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. (36) because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic: All caregivers believe tha
49、t they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they (37) do the job better than anyone else. Social workers interviewed caregivers to find out why they took on the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had (38) to help their relative. Some stated that helping others would (39) them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (40) now, they would deserve
