1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.I cant give you_for the type of car you bell because theres no demand for it in the market.（分数：2.00）A.an expenseB.a purchaseC.a chargeD.an order2.The suspect_that he had assaulted a woman.（分数：2.00）A.refusedB.rejectedC.hence
2、D.deny3.The manager was told when he was_, that his was a pressure job.（分数：2.00）A.appointedB.pointedC.assignedD.disappointed4.Radios today seldom need_or the attention of a technician.（分数：2.00）A.to repairB.repairedC.repairingD.to have repaired5.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_whieh
3、attracts a crowd of a million or more people.（分数：2.00）A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair6.This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to_twenty years to complete.（分数：2.00）A.spendB.consumeC.needD.take7.Protessor Wu traveled and lectured throughout the country to_education and profe
4、ssional skills so that women could enter the public world.（分数：2.00）A.prosecuteB.acquireC.advocateD.proclaim8.I suggested he should_himself to his new condition.（分数：2.00）A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit9.A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers_not to work at all. A. shou
5、ld prefer 13. prefer C. would prefer D. preferred（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.“Since we are exchanging_, I too have a secret to reveal, “said Mary.（分数：2.00）A.transferencesB.transactionsC.confidencesD.promises二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BDirections:/BIn this part there are 4 passages followed by questions
6、 or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. BPassage One/BFor the past several years, the Sunday newspaper suppleme
7、nt Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envisio
8、n paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks, so it is a hit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the aver age Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coinciden
9、ce? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test, Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelli
10、gence can be specified, and how much can we earn about it from neurology, genetics, computer and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as alley used to be. The test comes primrily in two forms: the Stanfor
11、d-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate book stores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Sava
12、nts are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, Rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessmen: Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record
13、 Exam (GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess ana
14、lytica and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowl- edge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the
15、 tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadershipthat is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to
16、skip.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?（分数：2.00）A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.(2).What can be infe
17、rred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have defined the important el
18、ements of human intelligence.(3).People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because.（分数：2.00）A.the scores are obtained through different computational proceduresB.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized nowC.vos Savants case is an extreme one that will not
19、repeatD.the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones abilityB.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlatedC.testing involves a lot of guessworkD.traditional tests are out of date(
20、5).What is the authors attitude towards IQ tests?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.BPassage Two/BTo paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical
21、 research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement t
22、arget biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelly to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing
23、an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.“ Asked what will happen
24、when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.“ Such well-meaning people just dons understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We n
25、eed to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal re
26、search seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and ac quire a deceptive appearance of truth.
27、Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made coura
28、geous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words
29、to_（分数：2.00）A.call on scientists to take some actions.B.criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C.warn of the doom of biomedical research.D.show the triumph of the animal rights movement.(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_（分数：2.00）A.cruel but natural.B.inhuman
30、 and unacceptable.C.inevitable but vicious.D.pointless and wasteful.(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public%（分数：2.00）A.discontent with animal research.B.ignorance about medical science.C.indifference to epidemics.D.anxiety about animal rights.(4).The author believes tha
31、t, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_（分数：2.00）A.communicate more with the public.B.employ hi-tech means in research.C.feel no shame for their cause.D.strive to develop new cures.(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_（分数：2.00）A.a well-known humanist.
32、B.a medical practitioner.C.an enthusiast in animal rights.D.a supporter of animal research.BPassage Three/BEverybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be out
33、raged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, s
34、uggests that it all too monkey, as wellThe researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to
35、the value of “goods and services“ than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. dewaals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of
36、 eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey
37、 was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; ac
38、cept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operati
39、ve, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the
40、group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_（分数：2.
41、00）A.posing a contrast.B.justifying an assumption.C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.(2).The statement “it is all too monkey“ (last line, Paragraph 1) implies that_（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature.C.monkeys, like humans,
42、tend to be jealous of each other.D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.(3).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researchers instructions.C.nice in both appearance and tem
43、perament.D.more generous than their male companions(4).Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys_（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative ii feeling cheated.D.are unhappy when separated from others.(5)
44、.What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.BPassage Four/BWhile it i
45、s true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as important to success, especially in men. The development of social and political s
46、kills is also considered to be very important.To help Americans develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular (课程) activities to daily life at school. This is especially true of high schools and colleges and ex tends down into elementary schools as well.A
47、thletics, frequently called “competitive sports,“ are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in teaching students, particularly boys, the “winning spirit“. At times, athletic teams seem to become more important to some stud
48、ents and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools.（分数：10.00）(1).Americans believe that education is_.（分数：2.00）A.the only way to successB.the main purpose of the schoolsC.just like climbing laddersD.important to success(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important to
49、 success? A. Intellectual achievement. B. Competitive personality. C, Social backgrounds. D. Sodal and political skills.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A variety o extracurricular activities are added in American schools_.（分数：2.00）A.to help students climb the education ladderB.to enrich students dull life at schoolC.to help students become more successful in later lifeD.to extend college education down into elementary scho
