1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-153 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Experts say the space rock is probably _ more than $ 30,000. A. weighty B. costly C. valuable D. worth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2._ urgent the situation may be, you will need to make one change at a time and then move on. A. As B.
2、Whenever C. However D. Whateve（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.The ghostly presence was just a(n) _ sensation of some people. A. objective B. subjunctive C. subjective D. objected（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.When you are in your room, leave the door _ so that your visitors do not have to knock. A. open B. opened C. opening
3、 D. being open（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _ today. A. as much as B. as that of C. as many as D. as those of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _. A. artistic B. artificial C. arbi
4、trary D. mechanical（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.Technology has _ the sharing, storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. A. finished B. furnished C. functioned D. facilitated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _ to a certain
5、 book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied. A. impression B. reaction C. comprehension D. sentiment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.The architectural differences may _ confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers. A. vary B. describe C. cause D. impress（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.Since any a
6、nswer may bring _ to his government, the spokesman tried to avoid the question. A. commitment B. embarrassment C. failure D. benefit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average America
7、n had an in- come of about $ 25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $ 7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. I
8、n the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in t
9、he past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries productivitythat i
10、s, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meage
11、r existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards,
12、other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.The relationship betwee
13、n productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise productivity b
14、y ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history? A. Mexico. B. The United States. C. Japan. D. South Kore
15、a.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “meager“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_“. A. modest B. poor C. meaningless D. plentiful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people? A. Labor unions. B. Minimum-wage laws. C. R
16、ising productivity. D. Favorable public policy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that _. A. it calls policymakers attention to a qualified work force B. it encourages workers to get better education C. it helps improve the
17、workers ability to produce goods and services D. it enables policymakers to access the latest technology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage mainly discusses _. A. the differences in average income among countries B. the relationship between productivity and living standards C. the causes of the rise in
18、 living standards D. the importance of raising productivity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers cat s
19、nacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits. “said Dr. Curtis, the
20、 director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. “The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a
21、 more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living
22、standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.The relation
23、ship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise pro
24、ductivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history? A. Mexico. B. The United States. C. Japan. D.
25、 South Korea.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 答案在文章首段的末尾：“At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years. and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.”(2).The
26、word “meager“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_“. A. modest B. poor C. meaningless D. plentiful（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 该词出现在第二段“In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where
27、 workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence.”这里对两类国家进行了一下对比，首先在那些单位时间内能生产出大量的产品和服务，即生产力水平较高的国家，大多数人的生活水平都较高；接着与之相对应，在那些生产力水平较低的国家，人们的生活水平肯定较低，因此可推出 meager 一词肯定跟穷困的意思接近，故答案只能为 poor。其他选项 modest“谦虚的，适度的”；meaningless“毫无意义的”；plentiful“许多的，丰富的。”(3).What is the most import
28、ant factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people? A. Labor unions. B. Minimum-wage laws. C. Rising productivity. D. Favorable public policy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题答案在第三段“If productivity is, the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary
29、 importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.”由上面的论述可知，生产力对人们的生活水平起决定作用，其他因素都是次要的。(4).The study of the rela
30、tionship between productivity and living standards is significant in that _. A. it calls policymakers attention to a qualified work force B. it encourages workers to get better education C. it helps improve the workers ability to produce goods and services D. it enables policymakers to access the la
31、test technology（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 政策的制定者们必须考虑到生产力的提高也就意味着生活水平的提高。如何提高生产力从而提高人们的生活水平就是他们必须认真思考的。而提高生产力就必须依靠提高工人的受教育水平，拥有先进的生产和服务工具以及能够接触到高科技。所以推断出研究生产力和生活水平之间的关系的意义在于引起政策制定者关注劳动力素质的提高。因此 A 为正确答案。(5).The passage mainly discusses _. A. the differences in average income among countries B. the relat
32、ionship between productivity and living standards C. the causes of the rise in living standards D. the importance of raising productivity（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 整篇文章主要论述了生产力和人们的生活水平之间的关系。A、C 都很片面，只是文章某一段落的主题；而 D 只提到提高生产力的重要性，没有提到人们的生活水平。四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the past decade, many compani
33、es had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers cat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public h
34、ealth problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits. “said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create
35、new behaviors that happen automatically. “The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unileverhad invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you
36、ll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitaminsare results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple time
37、s a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habit ally give their pearly whites a cavitypreventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage c
38、ompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are
39、advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,“ said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $ 76 billion of
40、 Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable. “Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certa
41、in behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap _. A. should be
42、further cultivated B. should be changed gradually C. are deeply rooted in history D. are basically private concerns（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题关键词 Dr. Curtis，定位于第二段，所以，我们就要重点看第二段所描述的意思，因此发现 A 选项和第二段段尾句“how to create new behaviors that happen automatically”为相同含义。故答案选 A。(2).Bottled water, chewing gum an
43、d skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to _. A. reveal their impact on peoples habits B. show the urgent need of daily necessities C. indicate their effect on peoples buying power D. manifest the significant role of good habits（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题迷惑选项是 D，其实文章没有强调这是好习惯，只是以中立的立场描
44、述了这些产品影响了人们的习惯。做此题时，要好好领悟第五段所说的大意。(3).Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peoples habits? A. Tide. B. Crest. C. Colgate. D. Unilever.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 做这种题时，要找选项中的词在哪段中出现，根据第四段和第六段的段尾句，发现只有Unilever 文章没有阐述是否它帮助人们产生习惯。(4).From the text we know that some of consume
45、rs habits are developed due to _. A. perfected art of products B. automatic behavior creation C. commercial promotions D. scientific experiments（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 根据文章后四段，Today，because of shrewd advertising and。public health campaigns.不难发现商业广告是主要原因，所以选 C，B 项只是重新叙述了一下题干。(5).The authors attitude
46、toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits is _. A. indifferent B. negative C. positive D. biased（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 此题是态度题。作者对于商业广告用的形容词：在第四段是 shrewd(狡猾的，精明的)，在第七段是 ruthless(无情的，残忍的)，说明作者对于广告作用的观点是负面的。A 项是冷淡的；C 项是积极的；D 项是偏见的。所以答案选 B。五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Tony Huesman, a he
47、art transplant recipient(接受者)who lived a record 31 years with a single donated organ has died at age 51 of leukemia(白血病), but his heart still going strong. “He had leukemia“, his widow carol Huesman said, “His heartbelieve it or nothold out. His heart never gave up until the end, when it had to. “Hu
48、esman got a heart transplant in 1978 at Stanford University. That was just 11 years after the worlds first heart transplant was performed in South Africa. At his death, Huesman was listed as the worlds longest survior of a single transplant heart both by stanford and the Richmond, Virginia-based United Network for Organ Sharing.“Im a living proof of a person who can go through a life-threatening illness, have the operation and return to a productive life, “Huesman told the Dayton Daily New in 2006.Huesman worked
