1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习七及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.When soil is plowed in the spring, pigweed seeds that have been buried in the soil all winter are churned up to the surface and redeposited just under the surface. The brief exposure of the seeds to sunlight stimulates receptors, which have become highl
2、y sensitive to sunlight during the months the seeds were buried in the soil, and the stimulated receptors trigger germination. Without the prolonged darkness, followed by exposure to sunlight, the seeds do not germinate.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following
3、statements about a field that will be plowed in the spring and in which pigweed seeds have been buried in the soil all winter?（分数：5.00）A.Fewer pigweed plants will grow in the field if it is plowed only at night than if it is plowed during the day.B.Fewer pigweed plants will grow in the field if it i
4、s not plowed at all than if it is plowed only at night.C.Fewer pigweed plants will grow in the field if it is plowed just before sunrise than if it is plowed just after sunset.D.The pigweed seeds that are churned up to the surface of the soil during the plowing will not germinate unless they are red
5、eposited under the surface of the soil.E.(E) All of the pigweed seeds that are already on the surface of the soil before the field is plowed will germinate.2.John: As I was driving to work this morning, I was stopped by a police officer and ticketed for speeding. Since there were many other cars aro
6、und me that were going as fast as I was, the police officer clearly treated me unfairly.Mary: You were not treated unfairly, since the police officer was obviously unable to stop all the drivers who were speeding. Everyone who was speeding at that time and place had an equal chance of being stopped.
7、Which one of the following principles, if established, would most help to justify Marys position?（分数：5.00）A.If all of those who violate a traffic law on a particular occasion are equally likely to be penalized for violating it, then the law is fairly applied to whoever among them is then penalized.B
8、.The penalties attached to traffic laws should be applied not as punishments for breaking the law, but rather as deterrents to unsafe driving.C.The penalties attached to traffic laws should be imposed on all people who violate those laws, and only those people.D.It is fairer not to enforce a traffic
9、 law at all than it is to enforce it in some, but not all of the cases to which it applies.E.(E) Fairness in the application of a traffic law is ensured not by all violators having an equal chance of being penalized for their violation of the law, but rather by penalizing all known violators to the
10、same extent.3.If this parking policy is unpopular with the faculty, then we should modify it. If it is unpopular among students, we should adopt a new policy. And, it is bound to be unpopular either with the faculty or among students.If the statements above are true, which one of the following must
11、alto be tree?（分数：5.00）A.We should attempt to popularize this parking policy among either the faculty or students.B.We should modify this parking policy only if this will not reduce its popularity among students.C.We should modify this parking policy if modification will not reduce its popularity wit
12、h the faculty.D.If this parking policy is popular among students, then we should adopt a new policy.E.(E) If this parking policy is popular with the faculty, then we should adopt a new policy.4.Politician: Nobody can deny that homelessness is a problem yet there seems to be little agreement on how t
13、o solve it. One thing, however, is clear: ignoring the problem will not make it go away. Only if the government steps in and provides the homeless with housing will this problem disappear, and this necessitates increased taxation. For this reason, we should raise taxes.Which one of the following pri
14、nciples, if valid, most supports the politicians argument?（分数：5.00）A.Only if a measure is required to solve a problem should it be adopted.B.Only if a measure is sufficient to solve a problem should it be adopted.C.If a measure is required to solve a problem, then it should be adopted.D.If a measure
15、 is sufficient to solve a problem, then it should be adopted.E.(E) If a measure is sufficient to solve a problem, any steps necessitated by that measure should be adopted.5.The role of the Uplandian supreme court is to protect all human rights against abuses of government power. Since the constituti
16、on of Uplandia is not explicit about all human rights, the supreme court must sometimes resort to principles outside the explicit provisions of the constitution in justifying its decisions. However, human rights will be subject to the whim of whoever holds judicial power unless the supreme court is
17、bound to adhere to a singly objective standard, namely, the constitution. Therefore, nothing but the explicit provisions of the constitution can be used to justify the courts decisions. Since these conclusions are inconsistent with each other, it cannot be true that the role of the Uplandian supreme
18、 court is to protect all human rights against abuses of government power.The reasoning that leads to the conclusion that the first sentence in the passage is false is flawed because the argument（分数：5.00）A.ignores data that offer reasonable support for a general claim and focuses on a single example
19、that argues against that claim.B.seeks to defend a view on the grounds that the view is widely held and that decisions based on that view are often accepted as correct.C.rejects a claim as false on the grounds that those who make that claim could profit if that claim is accepted by others.D.makes an
20、 unwarranted assumption that what is true of each member of a group taken separately is also true of group as a whole.E.(E) concludes that a particular premise is false when it is equally possible for that premise to be true and some other premise false.6.The amount of electricity consumed in Millvi
21、lle on any day in August is directly proportional to peak humidity on that day. Since the average peak humidity this August was three points higher than the average peak humidity last August, it follows that more energy was consumed in Millville this August than last August.Which one of the followin
22、g arguments has a pattern of reasoning most similar to the one in the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.The amount of art supplies used in any of the Aesthetic Institutes 25 classes is directly proportional to the number of students in that class. Since in these classes the institute enrolled 20 percent mor
23、e students overall last year than in the previous year, more art supplies were used in the institutes classes last year than in the previous year.B.The number of courses in painting offered by the Aesthetic Institute in any term is directly proportional to the number of students enrolled in the inst
24、itute in that term. But the institute offers the same number of courses in sculpture each term. Hence, the institute usually offers more courses in painting than in sculpture.C.The number of new students enrolled at the Aesthetic Institute in any given year is directly proportional to the amount of
25、advertising the institute has done in the previous year. Hence, if the institute seeks to increase its student body, it must increase the amount it spends on advertising.D.The fees paid by a student at the Aesthetic Institute are directly proportional to the number of classes in which that student e
26、nrolls. Since the number of students at the Aesthetic Institute is increasing, it follows that the institute is collecting a greater amount in fees paid by students than it used to.E.(E) The number of instructors employed by the Aesthetic Institute in any term is directly proportional to the number
27、of classes offered in that term and also directly proportional to the number of students enrolled at the institute. Thus, the number of classes offered by the institute in any term is directly proportional to the number of students enrolled in that term.7.In a certain municipality, a judge overturne
28、d a suspects conviction for possession of an illegal weapon. The suspect had fled upon seeing police and subsequently discarded the illegal weapon after the police gave chase. The judge reasoned as follows: the only cause for the police giving chase was the suspects flight: by itself, flight from th
29、e police does not create a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act; evidence collected during an illegal chase is inadmissible; therefore, the evidence in this case was inadmissible.Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the judges decision that the evidence was inadmi
30、ssible?（分数：5.00）A.Flight from the police could create a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act as long as other significant factors are involved.B.People can legally flee from the police only when those people are not involved in a criminal act at the time.C.Police can legally give chase to a person
31、 only when the persons actions have created a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act.D.Flight from the police should not itself be considered a criminal act.E.(E) In all cases in which a persons actions have created a reasonable suspicion of a criminal act, police can legally give chase to that pers
32、on.8.A study of the difference in earnings between men and women in the country of Naota found that the average annual earnings of women who are employed full time is 80 percent of the average annual earnings of men who are employed full time. However, other research consistently shows that, in Naot
33、a, the average annual earnings of all employed women is 65 percent of the average annual earnings of all employed men.Which one of the following, if also established by research, most helps explain the apparent discrepancy between the research results described above?（分数：5.00）A.In Naota, the differe
34、nce between the average annual earnings of all female workers and the average annual earnings of all male workers has been gradually increasing over the past 30 years.B.In Naota, the average annual earnings of women who work full time in exactly the same occupations and under exactly the same condit
35、ions as men is almost the same as the mens average annual earnings.C.In Naota, a growing proportion of female workers hold full-time managerial, supervisory, or professional positions, and such positions typically pay more than other types of positions pay.D.In Naota, a larger proportion of female w
36、orkers than male workers are part-time workers, and part-time workers typically earn less than full-time workers earn.E.(E) In ten other countries where the proportion of women in the work force is similar to that of Naota, the average annual earnings of women who work full time ranges from a low of
37、 50 percent to a high of 90 percent of the average annual earnings of men who work full time.9.A persons dietary consumption of cholesterol and fat is one of the most important factors determining the level of cholesterol in the persons blood (serum cholesterol). Serum cholesterol levels rise propor
38、tionally to increased cholesterol and fat consumption until that consumption reaches a threshold, but once consumption of these substances exceeds that threshold, serum cholesterol levels rise only gradually, even with dramatic increases in consumption. The threshold is one fourth the consumption le
39、vel of cholesterol and fat in todays average North American diet.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?（分数：5.00）A.The threshold can be lowered by lowering the dietary consumption of cholesterol and fat.B.People who consume an average North American diet cann
40、ot increase their consumption of cholesterol and fat without dramatically increasing their serum cholesterol levels.C.People who consume half as much cholesterol and fat as in the average North American diet will not necessarily have half the average serum cholesterol level.D.Serum cholesterol level
41、s cannot be affected by nondietary modifications in behavior, such as exercising more or smoking less.E.(E) People who consume less cholesterol and fat than the threshold cannot reduce their serum cholesterol levels.10.If the ivory trade continues, experts believe, the elephant will soon become exti
42、nct in Africa, because poaching is rife in many areas. A total ban on ivory trading would probably prevent the extinction. However, the country of Zimbabwewhich has virtually eliminated poaching within its borders and which relies on income from carefully culling elephant herds that threaten to beco
43、me too bigobjects to such a ban. Zimbabwe holds that the problem lies not with the ivory trade but with the conservation policies of other countries.Which one of the following principles forms a logical basis for Zimbabwes objection to a ban?（分数：5.00）A.International measures to correct a problem sho
44、uld not adversely affect countries that are not responsible for the problem.B.Freedom of trade is not a right but a consequence of agreements among nations.C.Respecting a countrys sovereignty is more important than preventing the extinction of a species.D.Prohibitions affecting several countries sho
45、uld be enforced by a supranational agency.E.(E) Effective conservation cannot be achieved without eliminating poaching.11.Essayist: The existence of a moral order in the universei.e., an order in which bad is always eventually punished and good rewardeddepends upon human souls being immortal. In som
46、e cultures this moral order is regarded as the result of a karma that controls how one is reincarnated, in others it results from the actions of a supreme being who metes out justice to people after their death. But however a moral order is represented, if human souls are immortal, then it follows t
47、hat the bad will be punished.Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the essayists reasoning?（分数：5.00）A.From the assertion that something is necessary to a moral order the argument concludes that that thing is sufficient for an element of the moral order to be realized.B.The a
48、rgument takes mere beliefs to be established facts.C.From the claim that the immortality of human souls implies that there is a moral order in the universe, the argument concludes that there being a moral order in the universe implies that human souls are immortal.D.The argument treats two fundament
49、ally different conceptions of a moral order as essentially the same.E.(E) The arguments conclusion is presupposed in the definition it gives of a moral order.12.The Levantthe area that borders the eastern Mediterranean-was heavily populated in prehistoric times. The southern Levant was abandoned about 6,000 years ago, although the northern Levant, which shared the same climate, remained heavily populated. Recently archaeologists have hypothesized that the sudden depopulation in the southern Levant was due to an economic collapse resulting from deforestation.If the state
