1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习一及答案解析(总分：140.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Questions 910 are based on the following graph.（分数：10.00）(1).The claim that Civenias antismoking television advertising campaign contributed significantly to the steep decline in cigarette purchases in that province during 1991 is best supported if which
2、of the following has been true about the province of Halbernia from the beginning of 1991?（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Which of the following, if tree, most helps to explain why cigarette purchases in Civenia declined more slowly after the completion of the television antismoking advertising campaign than
3、 they did before the campaign began?（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.1.Between 1970 and 1980, energy consumption by United States industry peaked and then declined, so that by 1980 total industrial use of energy was below the 1970 level even though total industrial output had grown substantially in the same perio
4、d. Industry must have instituted highly effective energy conservation measures in those years to have achieved such impressive results.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion of the argument?（分数：5.00）A.Many industries switched to the greatest extent possible from high-
5、priced oil to lower-priced alternatives throughout the 1970s.B.Total residential energy consumption was higher in the United States in 1980 than it had been in 1970.C.Many industrial users of energy had paid little attention to energy conservation prior to 1970.D.Industrial output grew less rapidly
6、from 1970 to 1980 than it had from 1960 to 1970.E.(E) The industries whose production dropped sharply during the 1970s included a disproportionately large number of energy-intensive industries.2.The ancient Greek playwright Euripides followed the established conventions of verse composition less rig
7、orously at the end of his career than at the beginning. Since the lines from a recently discovered Euripidean play adhere to those conventions as rigorously as do lines from Euripides early plays, the recently discovered play must have been composed early in Euripides career.Which of the following i
8、s an assumption made in the argument?（分数：5.00）A.All of Euripides plays were written in verse.B.Euripides did not write any plays late in his career in which he imitated the style of his early plays.C.Euripides grew increasingly unaware of the established conventions of verse composition as his caree
9、r progressed.D.Late in his career, Euripides was the only playwright of his day who consciously broke with the established conventions of verse composition.E.(E) Ancient playwrights tended to be less willing to violate certain conventions early in their careers than they were later in their careers.
10、3.Experts removed a layer of eighteenth-century red paint from a figure in a painting by a sixteenth-century Italian artist, revealing a layer of green paint underneath. Since the green paint dates from the sixteenth century, the figure must have been green, not red, when the painting was completed
11、in 1563.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?（分数：5.00）A.The experts had been commissioned to restore the painting to the colors it had when it was completed.B.X-rays reveal an additional layer of paint beneath the green paint on the figure.C.Chemical analyses were use
12、d to determine the ages of the red paint and the green paint.D.The red paint was added in the eighteenth century in an attempt to repair damage done in the late seventeenth century.E.(E) Red paint on the robe of another figure in the painting dates from the sixteenth century.4.A persons cholesterol
13、level will decline significantly if that person increases the number of meals eaten per day, but only if there is no significant increase in the amount of food eaten. However, most people who increase the number of meals they eat each day will eat a lot more food as well.If the statements above are
14、true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?（分数：5.00）A.For most people, cholesterol level is not significantly affected by the amount of food eaten per day.B.For most people, the amount of food eaten per meal is most strongly affected by the time of day at which the meal is eaten
15、.C.For most people, increasing the number of meals eaten per day will not result in a significantly lower cholesterol level.D.For most people, the total amount of food eaten per day is unaffected by the number of meals eaten per day.E.(E) For most people, increasing the number of meals eaten per day
16、 will result in a significant change in the types of food eaten.5.A researcher found that, in proportion to their body weights, children eat more carbohydrates than adults do. Children also exercise more than adults do. The researcher hypothesized that carbohydrate consumption varies in direct propo
17、rtion to the calorie demands associated with different levels of exercise.Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the researchers hypothesis?（分数：5.00）A.More carbohydrates are eaten per capita in nations where the government spends more per capita on public exercise programs.B.Chil
18、dren who do not participate in organized sports tend to eat fewer carbohydrates than children who participate in organized sports.C.Consumption of increased amounts of carbohydrates is a popular tactic of runners preparing for long-distance races.D.Periods of physical growth require a relatively hig
19、her level of carbohydrate consumption than otherwise.E.(E) Though carbohydrates are necessary for the maintenance of good health, people who consume more carbohydrates are not necessarily healthier.6.A certain type of dinnerware made in Ganandia contains lead. Lead can leach into acidic foods, and G
20、anandians tend to eat highly acidic foods. However, the extreme rarity of lead poisoning in Ganandia indicates that the dinnerware does not contain dangerous amounts of lead.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.The dinnerware is produced exclusively f
21、or sale outside Ganandia.B.Ganandian foods typically are much more acidic than foods anywhere else in the world.C.The only source of lead poisoning in Ganandia is lead that has leached into food.D.Most people who use the dinnerware are not aware that it contains lead.E.(E) Acidic foods can leach lea
22、d from dinnerware even if that dinnerware has a protective coating.7.Although it is assumed that peacocks magnificent tails function essentially to attract peahens, no one knows why it should be magnificent tails that give a competitive advantage in securing mates. One explanation is that peahens ar
23、e more likely to mate with peacocks with magnificent tails than with peacocks that lack magnificent tails.Which of the following is an error of reasoning exemplified by the explanation?（分数：5.00）A.Attributing to animals qualities that are characteristically human.B.Extending a conclusion that is true
24、 of only one species of a genus to all species of the genus.C.Offering as an explanation a hypothesis that in principle can be neither verified nor proved false.D.Offering the phenomenon that is to be explained as the explanation of that phenomenon.E.(E) Assuming without warrant that peacocks with m
25、agnificent tails are likely to have other features strongly attractive to peahens.8.In a recent film set in seventeenth-century Europe, the hero is seen doing the crawl, a swimming stroke not known in Europe before the 1920s. However; since moviegoers obviously are not experts in the history of swim
26、ming strokes, for most of the films audience this blunder clearly cannot have interfered with whatever sense of historical authenticity the film otherwise achieved.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument given?（分数：5.00）A.The film was widely praised for being historically
27、 plausible, even though it portrayed many events that were not historically attested.B.The scene that shows the films hero doing the crawl is a rescue scene pivotal to the films action, and parts of it are even shown a second time, in a flashback.C.Makers of historical films, even of those set as re
28、cently as the nineteenth century, routinely strike compromises between historical authenticity and the need to keep their material accessible to a modern audience, as in the actors speech patterns.D.The crawl that European swimmers used in the 1920s was much less efficient and more awkward-looking t
29、han the crawl that is currently taught.E.(E) A slightly earlier film featuring an eighteenth century sea battle in Europe was ridiculed in numerous popular reviews for the historical lapse of showing a sailor doing the crawl in swimming to safety.9.Every human being who has ever lived had two parent
30、s. Therefore, more people were alive three thousand years ago than are alive now.The reasoning in the argument is flawed because it（分数：5.00）A.overlooks the number of people in each generation during the last three thousand years who left no descendants.B.disregards possible effects of disasters such
31、 as famines and plagues on human history.C.overestimates the mathematical effect of repeated doublings on population size.D.fails to take into account that people now alive have overlapping sets of ancestors.E.(E) fails to consider that accurate estimation of the number of people alive three thousan
32、d years ago might be impossible.10.The government of Pontran claims that Tor City, one of the six major cities in that country, is alone among Pontrans cities in having sustained strong job growth this year. Clearly, however, any job growth there must be purely imaginary; in fact, in Tor City and on
33、ly there, more people are unemployed this year than were last year.The argument countering the governments claim depends on the assumption that（分数：5.00）A.unemployed workers in Pontran did not, in significant numbers, move to Tot City when the government claimed Tor City had strong job growth.B.the u
34、nemployment rate in Tor City is higher year than in any previous year.C.actions taken by the government of Pontran significantly affect the unemployment rate in Tor City.D.the unemployment rate in Tor City, though increased, is still the lowest of any city in Pontran.E.(E) there is no significant se
35、asonal variation in the unemployment rate for Pontran as a whole.11.Aedes albopictus, a variety of mosquito that has recently established itself in the southeastern United States, is less widespread than the indigenous swamp mosquito. Both the swamp mosquito and A. albopictus can carry viruses that
36、are sometimes fatal to humans, but A. albopictus is a greater danger to public health.Each of the following, if tree, provides additional information that strengthens the judgment given about the danger to public health EXCEPT:（分数：5.00）A.Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus originated in Asia, a
37、nd larvae of it were not observed in the United States before the mid-1980s.B.Unlike the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus tends to spend most of its adult life near human habitation.C.Unlike swamp mosquito larvae, A. albopictus larvae survive in flower pots, tin cans, and many small household objects t
38、hat hold a little water.D.In comparison with the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus hosts a much wider variety of viruses known to cause serious diseases in humans.E.(E) A. albopictus seeks out a much wider range of animal hosts than does the swamp mosquito, and it is more likely to bite humans.12.Questi
39、on 5 is based on the following graph.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.E.13.Many people acquire software programs for their home computers by illegally copying those programs rather than purchasing them. People who own home computers must be making, on average, fewer illegal copies of software programs than before,
40、however, since the average number of software programs that people purchase to use on their home computers has increased substantially over the past five years.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?（分数：5.00）A.The number of home computers in use has increased substantially ov
41、er the past five years.B.Five years ago, about half of the software programs used on home computers had been illegally copied rather than purchased.C.Most people who have home computers use their computers more frequently the longer they have them.D.Few people who prefer to copy computer software pr
42、ograms illegally cannot copy the software programs they want because they have no acquaintances who have those software programs.E.(E) On average, people with home computers have the same number of software programs today as people with home computers did five years ago.14.In the country of Laurelia
43、, legal restrictions on the sale of lock-picking equipment were relaxed ten years ago, and since then Laurelias burglary rate has risen dramatically. Hence, since legally purchased lock-picking equipment was used in most burglaries, reintroducing strict limits on the sale of this equipment would hel
44、p to reduce Laurelias burglary rate.Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument?（分数：5.00）A.Laurelias overall crime rate has risen dramatically over the last ten years.B.There is wide popular support in Laurelia for the reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of l
45、ock-picking equipment.C.The reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lockpicking equipment in Laurelia would not prevent legitimate use of this equipment by police and other public safety officials.D.Most lock-picking equipment used in Laurelia is fragile and usually breaks irreparably within
46、a few years of purchase.E.(E) The introduction five years ago of harsher punishments for people convicted of burglary had little effect on Laurelias burglary rate.15.Question 10 is based on the following table.RESULTS OF A CONTROLLED STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CHEWING GUM ON TOOTH DECAY IN CHILDRENAver
47、age total number of new cavities per child over the course of three yearsChildren who regularly chewed gum sweetened with X 4.0Children who regularly chewed gum sweetened with Y 1.5Children who did not chew gum 2.5Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the difference among the childr
48、en who chewed gum sweetened with X, the children who chewed gum sweetened with Y, and the children who did not chew any gum?（分数：5.00）A.X, but not Y, consists of a substance that helps to protect teeth against harmful substances present in other foods.B.The children who did not chew any gum during th
49、e study ate fewer sweet foods than did either the children who chewed gum sweetened with X or the children who chewed gum sweetened with Y.C.The action of chewing gum stimulates the production of saliva, which contains a substance that helps fight tooth decay, but X, unlike Y, is a contributing factor to tooth decay.D.Each group of children who chewed gum during the study brushed their teeth more often than did the children who did not chew gum during the study, but the children who chewed gum sweetened with Y brushed their teeth less often than did the children who chew
