1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理归纳及答案解析(总分：370.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Essentially all polar ice forms from precipitation that falls as snow. Extremely cold air cannot hold much moisture and consequently cannot produce much snowfall, in recent years, air masses in both polar regions have been, without exception, extremely c
2、old.The information above most strongly supports which of the following conclusions?（分数：5.00）A.If polar ice is currently growing and expanding at all, it is doing so only slowly.B.If air temperatures in the polar regions were considerably warmer, much polar ice would melt off.C.In the last few years
3、, snowfall in the polar regions has been virtually continuous.D.The thicker the polar ice is, the colder the air masses that are in contact with it.E.(E) For snow to turn into ice in the polar regions, the air has to be extremely cold.2.Book Review: When I read a novel set in a city I know well, I m
4、ust see that the writer knows the city at least as well as I do if I am to take that writer seriously. If the writer is faking, I know immediately and do not trust that writer.When a novelist demonstrates the required knowledge, I trust the storyteller, so. I trust the tale. This trust increases my
5、enjoyment of a good novel. Peter Lees second novel is set in San Francisco. In this novel, as in his first, Lee passes my test with flying colors.Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?（分数：5.00）A.The book reviewer enjoys virtually any novel written by a novelist whom sh
6、e trusts.B.If the book reviewer trusts the novelist as a storyteller, the novel in question must be set in a city the book reviewer knows well.C.Peter Lees first novel was set in San Francisco.D.The book reviewer does not trust any novel set in a city that she does not know well.E.(E) The book revie
7、wer does not believe that she knows San Francisco better than Peter Lee does.3.That social institutions influence the formation of character has become a generally accepted proposition. This doctrine views individuals as but compliant recipients of social influence: personalities are entirely the pr
8、oducts of society, and at any point in life an individuals personality can be changed by management of the social world. Crime is said to exist only because society has in some ways failed in its responsibility to give every person the resources to lead a productive life. However, whereas it is tree
9、 that extreme poverty forces some people to steal, it is obvious that some persons will commit crimes no matter how well society treats them.Which of the following is implied by the “doctrine“ (line 2) described in the passage above?（分数：5.00）A.Social institutions may reflect personality as much as t
10、hey shape it.B.Social influence on personality is most strongly felt by the affluent.C.The concentration of wealth in the hands of a privileged few accounts for the existence of crime.D.Bringing about social reform is the most likely means of curtailing crime.E.(E) Less severe punishment of crime wo
11、uld be likely to result in more crime.4.Shanna: Owners of any work of art, simply by virtue of ownership, ethically have the right to destroy that artwork if they find it morally or aesthetically distasteful, or if caring for it becomes inconvenient.Jorge: Ownership of unique artworks, unlike owners
12、hip of other kinds of objects carries the moral right to possess but not to destroy. A unique work of art with aesthetic or historical value belongs to posterity and so must be preserved, whatever the personal wishes of its legal owner.On the basis of their statements, Shanna and Jorge are committed
13、 to disagreeing about the truth of which one of the following statements?（分数：5.00）A.Anyone who owns a portrait presenting his or her father in an unflattering light would for that reason alone be ethically justified in destroying it.B.People who own aesthetically valuable works of art have no moral
14、obligation to make them available for public viewing.C.Valuable paintings by well-known artists are seldom intentionally damaged or destroyed by their owners.D.If a piece of sculpture is not unique, its owner has no ethical obligation to preserve it if doing so proves burdensome.E.(E) It is legally
15、permissible for a unique and historically valuable mural to be destroyed by its owner if he or she tires of it.5.The town of Greenfield recently instituted a substantial supplementary tax on all households, whereby each household is taxed in proportion to the volume of the trash that it puts out for
16、 trash collectors to pick up, as measured by the number of standard-sized garbage bags put out. In order to reduce the volume of the trash on which their tax bill is based, Greenfield households can deliver their recyclable trash to a conveniently located local commercial recycling center, where suc
17、h trash is accepted free of charge.The supplementary tax provides some financial incentive to Greenfield households to do each of the following EXCEPT（分数：5.00）A.sort out recyclable trash thoroughly from their other trash.B.dump nonrecyclable trash illegally at parks and roadsides.C.compress and nest
18、 items of nonrecyclable trash before putting them out for pickup.D.deliver recyclable materials to the recycling center instead of passing them on to neighbors who want to reuse them.E.(E) buy products without packaging or with recyclable rather than nonrecyclable packaging.6.Biometric access-contro
19、l systemsthose using fingerprints, voiceprints, etc., to regulate admittance to restricted areaswork by degrees of similarity, not by identity. After all, even the same finger will rarely leave exactly identical prints. Such systems can be adjusted to minimize refuels of access to legitimate access-
20、seekers. Such adjustments, however, increase the likelihood of admitting impostors.Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?（分数：5.00）A.If a biometric access-control system were made to work by identity, it would not produce any correct admittance decisio
21、ns.B.If a biometric access-control system reliably prevents impostors from being admitted, it will sometimes turn away legitimate access-seekers.C.Biometric access-control systems are appropriate only in situations in which admittance of impostors is less of a problem than is mistaken refusal of acc
22、ess.D.Nonbiometric access-control systemsbased, for example, on numerical codesare less likely than biometric ones to admit impostors.E.(E) Anyone choosing an access-control system should base the choice solely on the ratio of false refuels to false admittances.7.The body of anyone infected by virus
23、 X will, after a week, produce antibodies to fight the virus; the antibodies will increase in number for the next year or so. There is now a test that reliably indicates how many antibodies are present in a persons body. If positive, this test can be used during the first year of infection to estima
24、te to within a month how long that person has had the virus.Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the statements above?（分数：5.00）A.Antibodies increase in number only until they have defeated the virus.B.Without the test for antibodies, there is no way of establishing whether a p
25、erson has virus X.C.Antibodies are produced only for viral infections that cannot be fought by any other body defenses.D.If a person remains infected by virus X indefinitely, there is no limit to the number of antibodies that can be present in the persons body.E.(E) Anyone infected by virus X will f
26、or a time fail to exhibit infection if tested by the antibody test.8.All actors are exuberant people and all exuberant people are extroverts, but nevertheless it is true that some shy people are actors.If the statements above are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:（分数：5.00）A.Some s
27、hy people are extroverts.B.Some shy extroverts are not actors.C.Some exuberant people who are actors are shy.D.All people who are not extroverts are not actors.E.(E) Some extroverts are shy.9.Radio interferometry is a technique for studying details of celestial objects that combines signals intercep
28、ted by widely spaced radio telescopes. This technique requires ultraprecise timing, exact knowledge of the locations of the telescopes, and sophisticated computer programs. The successful interferometric linking of an Earth-based radio telescope with a radio telescope on an orbiting satellite was th
29、erefore a significant technological accomplishment.Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?（分数：5.00）A.Special care was taken in the launching of the satellite so the calculations of its orbit would be facilitated.B.The signals received on the satellite are stronger
30、 than those received by a terrestrial telescope.C.The resolution of detail achieved by the satellite-Earth interferometer system is inferior to that achieved by exclusively terrestrial systems.D.The computer programs required for making use of the signals received by the satellite required a long ti
31、me for development.E.(E) The location of an orbiting satellite relative to locations on Earth can be well enough known for interferometric purposes.10.There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. There changes
32、 are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a prebanking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available.If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a prebanking econo
33、my（分数：5.00）A.any inflation is the result of reductions in the supply of goods and services.B.if other factors in the economy are unchanged, increasing the quantity of gold available will lead to inflation.C.if there is a reduction in the quantity of gold available, then, other things being equal, in
34、flation must result.D.the quantity of goods and services purchasable by a given amount of gold is constant.E.(E) whatever changes in demand occur, there will be compensating changes in the supply of goods and services.11.There is little point in looking to artists for insights into political issues.
35、 Most of them hold political views that are less insightful than those of any reasonably well-educated person who is not an artist. Indeed, when taken as a whole, the statements made by artists, including those considered to be great, indicate that artistic talent and political insight are rarely fo
36、und together.Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：5.00）A.There are no artists who have insights into political issues.B.A thorough education in art makes a person reasonably well educated.C.Every reasonably well-educated person who is not an artist has more insight into po
37、litical issues than any artist.D.Politicians rarely have any artistic talent.E.(E) Some artists are no less politically insightful than some reasonable well-educated persons who are not artists.12.Ironically, people who use aspartame as a sweetener to reduce their caloric intake could wind up defeat
38、ing their purpose, since studies show that high levels of aspartame may trigger a craving for carbohydrates by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers carbohydrate satiety.Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn if the statements above are true?（分数：5.00）A.Aspartame can
39、 be more hazardous than carbohydrates to peoples health.B.People who do not use aspartame are not likely to develop a craving for carbohydrates.C.The caloric content of foods that are high in carbohydrates is significant.D.People tend to prefer sweet foods to those high in carbohydrates.E.(E) Food p
40、roducts that contain aspartame are typically low in carbohydrates.13.In a study of more than 8,000 people using ten beaches on two of the Great Lakes, ecologists from the University of Toronto determined that the rate of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness among people who had been swimming was
41、 69.6 per 1,000, whereas the respiratory and gastrointestinal illness rate among those who had not been swimming was only 29.5 per 1,000.Which of the following conclusions can be most properly drawn from the data above?（分数：5.00）A.People tend to underestimate the risks of swimming in these lakes.B.Re
42、spiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses occur at a higher rate as a result of swimming in either of these lakes than they do as a result of swimming in any other lake.C.Illnesses of kinds other than respiratory and gastrointestinal are not likely to be associated with swimming in either of these la
43、kes.D.The association between swimming in these lakes and respiratory and gastrointestinal illness is some evidence for a causal relationship between them.E.(E) A large percentage of the people who swim in these lakes are immune to the diseases that swimming may cause.14.Some cleaning fluids, synthe
44、tic carpets, wall paneling, and other products release toxins, such as formaldehyde and benzene, into the household air supply. This is not a problem in well-ventilated houses, but it is a problem in houses that are so well insulated that they trap toxins as well as heat. Recent tests, however, demo
45、nstrate that houseplants remove some household-toxins from the air and thereby eliminate their danger. In one test, 20 large plants eliminated formaldehyde from a small, welt-insulated house. Assume that a person who lives in a small, well-insulated house that contains toxin-releasing products place
46、s houseplants, such as those tested, in the house.Which one of the following can be expected as a result?（分数：5.00）A.There will no longer be any need to ventilate the house.B.The concentration of toxins in the household air supply will remain the same.C.The house will be warm and have a safe air supp
47、ly.D.If there is formaldehyde in the household air supply, its level will decrease.E.(E) If formaldehyde and benzene are being released into the household air supply, the quantities released of each will decrease.15.There are about 75 brands of microwave popcorn on the market; altogether, they accou
48、nt for a little over half of the money from sales of microwave food products. It takes three minutes to pop corn in the microwave, compared to seven minutes to pop corn conventionally. Yet by weight, microwave popcorn typically costs over five times as much as conventional popcorn. Judging by the po
49、pularity of microwave popcorn, many people are willing to pay a high price for just a little additional convenience.If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?（分数：5.00）A.No single brand of microwave popcorn accounts for a large share of microwave food product sales.B.There are more brands of microwave popcorn on the market than there are of any other microwave food product.C.By volume, more microwave popcorn is sold than is conventional popcorn.D.More money is spent on microwave food products that take three minutes or less to cook than on
