1、工商(经企)管理硕士入学考试(GMAT)-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Verbal(总题数：33，分数：100.00)1.Cable-television spokesperson: Subscriptions to cable television are a bargain in comparison to “free” television. Remember that “free” television is not really free. It is consumers, in the end, who pay for the costly adv
2、ertising that supports “free” television. Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the position of the cable-television spokesperson?（分数：3.00）A.Consumers who do not own television sets are less likely to be influenced in their purchasing decisions by television advertising than are consu
3、mers who own television setsB.Subscriptions to cable television include access to some public-television channels, which do not accept advertisingC.For locations with poor television reception, cable television provides picture quality superior to that provided by free televisionD.There is as much a
4、dvertising on many cable-television channels as there is on “free” television channelsE.Cable-television subscribers can choose which channels they wish to receive, and the fees vary accordingly2.Woodsmoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because woodsmoke presents such a
5、 high health risk, legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves. Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?（分数：3.00）A.The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equa
6、l volume of automobile exhaustB.Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gasC.Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood-burning stovesD.No significant beneficial effect on air qualit
7、y would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislationE.In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality3.Within 20 years it will probably be possible to identify the genetic susceptibi
8、lity an individual may have toward any particular disease. Eventually, effective strategies will be discovered to counteract each such susceptibility. Once these effective strategies are found, therefore, the people who follow them will never get sick. The argument above is based on which of the fol
9、lowing assumptions?（分数：3.00）A.For every disease there is only one strategy that can prevent its occurrenceB.In the future, genetics will be the only medical specialty of any importanceC.All human sicknesses are in part the result of individuals“ genetic susceptibilitiesD.All humans are genetically s
10、usceptible to some diseasesE.People will follow medical advice when they are convinced that it is effective4.Most employees in the computer industry move from company to company, changing jobs several times in their careers. However, Summit Computers is known throughout the industry for retaining it
11、s employees. Summit credits its success in retaining employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work environment. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Summit“s explanation of its success in retaining employees?（分数：3.00）A.Some people employed in the computer industry change jobs if
12、 they become bored with their current projectsB.A hierarchical work environment hinders the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their workC.Many of Summit“s senior employees had previously worked at only one other computer companyD.In a nonhierarchic
13、al work environment, people avoid behavior that might threaten group harmony and thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobsE.The cost of living near Summit is relatively low compared to areas in which some other computer companies are located5.Fin
14、ancing for a large construction project was provided by a group of banks. When the money was gone before the project was completed, the banks approved additional loans. Now, with funds used up again and completion still not at hand, the banks refuse to extend further loans, although without those lo
15、ans, the project is doomed. Which of the following, if true, best explains why the bank“s current reaction is different from their reaction in the previous instance of depletion of funds?（分数：3.00）A.The banks have reassessed the income potential of the completed project and have concluded that total
16、income generable would be less than total interest due on the old plus the needed new loansB.The banks have identified several other projects that offer faster repayment of the principal if loans are approved now to get those projects startedC.The banks had agreed with the borrowers that the constru
17、ction loans would be secured by the completed projectD.The cost overruns were largely due to unforeseeable problems that arose in the most difficult phase of the construction workE.The project stimulated the development and refinement of several new construction techniques, which will make it easier
18、 and cheaper to carry out similar projects in the future6.Low-income families are often unable to afford as much child care as they need. One government program would award low-income families a refund on the income taxes they pay of as much as $1,000 for each child under age four. This program woul
19、d make it possible for all low-income families with children under age four to obtain more child care than they otherwise would have been able to afford. Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the claim that the program would make it possible for all low-income families
20、to obtain more child care?（分数：3.00）A.The average family with children under age four spends more than $1,000 a year on child careB.Some low-income families in which one of the parents is usually available to care for children under age four may not want to spend their income tax refund on child care
21、C.The reduction in government revenues stemming from the income tax refund will necessitate cuts in other government programs, such as grants for higher educationD.Many low-income families with children under age four do not pay any income taxes because their total income is too low to be subject to
22、 such taxesE.Income taxes have increased substantially over the past twenty years, reducing the money that low-income families have available to spend on child care7.Although parapsychology is often considered a pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, for it uses scientific met
23、hods such as controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises. The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?（分数：3.00）A.If a field of study can conclusively answer the questions it raises, then it is a genuine
24、scienceB.Since parapsychology uses scientific methods, it will produce credible resultsC.Any enterprise that does not use controlled experiments and statistical tests is not genuine scienceD.Any field of study that employs scientific methods is a genuine scientific enterpriseE.Since parapsychology r
25、aises clearly stat able questions, they can be tested in controlled experiments8.Hotco oil burners, designed to be used in asphalt plants, are so efficient that Hotco will sell one to the Clifton Asphalt plant for no payment other than the cost savings between the total amount the asphalt plant actu
26、ally paid for oil using its former burner during the last two years and the total amount it will pay for oil using the Hotco burner during the next two years. On installation, the plant will make an estimated payment, which will be adjusted after two years to equal the actual cost savings. Which of
27、the following, if it occurred, would constitute a disadvantage for Hotco of the plan described above?（分数：3.00）A.Another manufacturer“s introduction to the market of a similarly efficient burnerB.The Clifton Asphalt plant“s need for more than one new burnerC.Very poor efficiency in the Clifton Asphal
28、t plant“s old burnerD.A decrease in the demand for asphaltE.A steady increase in the price of oil beginning soon after the new burner is installed9.Today“s low gasoline prices make consumers willing to indulge their preference for larger cars, which consume greater amounts of gasoline as fuel. So Un
29、ited States automakers are unwilling to pursue the development of new fuel-efficient technologies aggressively. The particular reluctance of the United States automobile industry to do so, however, could threaten the industry“s future. Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support
30、for the claim above about the future of the United States automobile industry?（分数：3.00）A.A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materials are relatively costlyB.Small cars sold by manufacturers in
31、the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973C.Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil
32、 pricesD.There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking frictionE.The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as an alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is du
33、e in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips10.An experiment was done in which human subjects recognize a pattern within a matrix of abstract designs and then select another design that completes that pattern. The results o
34、f the experiment were surprising. The lowest expenditure of energy in neurons in the brain was found in those subjects who performed most successfully in the experiments. Which of the following hypotheses best accounts for the findings of the experiment?（分数：3.00）A.The neurons of the brain react less
35、 when a subject is trying to recognize patterns than when the subject is doing other kinds of reasoningB.Those who performed best in the experiment experienced more satisfaction when working with abstract patterns than did those who performed less wellC.People who are better at abstract pattern reco
36、gnition have more energy-efficient neural connectionsD.The energy expenditure of the subjects brains increases when a design that completes the initially recognized pattern is determinedE.The task of completing a given design is more capably performed by athletes, whose energy expenditure is lower w
37、hen they are at rest than is that of the general population11.A researcher studying drug addicts found that, on average, they tend to manipulate other people a great deal more than no addicts do. The researcher concluded that people who frequently manipulate other people are likely to become addicts
38、. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researcher“s conclusion?（分数：3.00）A.After becoming addicted to drugs, drug addicts learn to manipulate other people as a way of obtaining drugsB.When they are imprisoned, drug addicts often use their ability to manipulate other people to o
39、btain better living conditionsC.Some no addicts manipulate other people more than some addicts doD.People who are likely to become addicts exhibit unusual behavior patterns other than frequent manipulation of other peopleE.The addicts that the researcher studied were often unsuccessful in obtaining
40、what they wanted when they manipulated other people12.One way to judge the performance of a company is to compare it with other companies. This technique, commonly called “benchmarking,” permits the manager of a company to discover better industrial practices and can provide a justification for the
41、adoption of good practices. Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for benchmarking the performance of a company against companies with which it is not in competition rather than against competitors EXCEPT:（分数：3.00）A.Comparisons with competitors are most likely to focus on practices that t
42、he manager making the comparisons already employsB.Getting “inside” information about the unique practices of competitors is particularly difficultC.Since companies that compete with each other are likely to have comparable levels of efficiency, only benchmarking against no competitors is likely to
43、reveal practices that would aid in beating competitorsD.Managers are generally more receptive to new ideas that they find outside their own industryE.Much of the success of good companies is due to their adoption of practices that take advantage of the special circumstances of their products of mark
44、ets13.Among the more effective kinds of publicity that publishers can get for a new book is to have excerpts of it published in a high-circulation magazine soon before the book is published. The benefits of such excerption include not only a sure increase in sales but also a fee paid by the magazine
45、 to the book“s publisher. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?（分数：3.00）A.The number of people for whom seeing an excerpt of a book in a magazine provides an adequate substitute for reading the whole book is smaller than the number for whom the excerpt stimul
46、ates a desire to read the bookB.Because the financial advantage of excerpting a new book in a magazine usually accrues to the book“s publisher, magazine editors are unwilling to publish excerpts from new booksC.In calculating the total number of copies that a book has sold, publishers include sales
47、of copies of magazines that featured an excerpt of the bookD.The effectiveness of having excerpts of a book published in a magazine, measured in terms of increased sales of a book, is proportional to the circulation of the magazine in which the excerpts are publishedE.Books that are suitable for exc
48、erpting in high-circulation magazines sell more copies than books that are not suitable for excerpting14.In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back 1 million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been he
49、ated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans. Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments
50、 are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids?（分数：3.00）A.The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of SwartkansB.Forest fires can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfiresC.The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologis
