1、复旦大学考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Substances, whether in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state, possess_ which are independent of the force of cohesion.（分数：0.50）A.attributesB.tendenciesC.elementsD.ingredients2.She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that
2、was completely at odds with her public_.（分数：0.50）A.personaB.tummyC.steppeD.rendezvous3.Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms _in the air.（分数：0.50）A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking4.The doctor assured Susan that the pain would _one hour after she took the medicine.（分数：0.50）A
3、.wear outB.wear downC.wear awayD.wear on5.Processes in the human body are not in all respects exactly _to those, that can be produced in the experimental animals.（分数：0.50）A.comparativeB.comparableC.competitiveD.compatible6.The physician had to visit his patient six _days before the patient could be
4、considered in a fair condition.（分数：0.50）A.consequentB.consecutiveC.consistentD.conservative7.The failure of the experiment to produce the expected result should alone be _to your carelessness.（分数：0.50）A.contributedB.ascribedC.distributedD.prescribed8.Susan made careful _as to the kinds of cake and c
5、andy needed for her party.（分数：0.50）A.stimulationB.appreciationC.identificationD.specification9.Old Mr. Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will（分数：0.50）A.pull offB.pull upC.pull throughD.pull out10.They have been arrested as suspected drug_.（分数：0.50）A.abortionB.vectorC.urani
6、umD.traffickers11.When confronted with such questions, my mind goes_, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.（分数：0.50）A.dimB.vainC.faintD.blank12.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _produces artificial cold surrounding it.（分数：0.50）A.absor
7、ptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction13.The rain looked as though it had _for the night.（分数：0.50）A.set offB.set inC.set outD.set up14.The economic development of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the _of raw materials and low consumption level.（分数：0.50）A.abundanceB.infl
8、ationC.deficiencyD.installment15.The best solution to the problem can only be found by a process of trail and（分数：0.50）A.mistakeB.errorC.successD.experiment16.A research worker might _that the existence of such kind of disease is due to the pollution of the area.（分数：0.50）A.referB.inferC.conferD.prefe
9、r17.The continuous unrest was _the nations economy.（分数：0.50）A.exaggeratingB.aggravatingC.amendingD.fastening18.Hong Kong was _to Britain after the Opium War.（分数：0.50）A.congregatedB.castigatedC.cededD.exceeded19.When the nurse took his temperature, it was three degrees above_.（分数：0.50）A.averageB.regu
10、larC.normalD.ordinary20.English primrose need to be grown in rich damp soil with plenty of _or compost worked into it.（分数：0.50）A.marijuanaB.manureC.maltD.mallet21.Measuring skin fold thickness is considered to be an_ method for estimating the amount of fat on ones body.（分数：0.50）A.accessibleB.account
11、ableC.acceptableD.adaptable22.Harry vacuum cleaners work entirely by_.（分数：0.50）A.suffrageB.suctionC.suedeD.subtlety23.While some bacteria are beneficial, others are _in that they cause disease.（分数：0.50）A.detrimentalB.prodigiousC.intrusiveD.mordant24.If excellent work results in frequent pay increase
12、s or promotions, the workers will have greater _to produce.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.instructionD.instinct25.The organization has so far raised $2.5 million to finance bone _trans- plants for children.（分数：0.50）A.marrowB.moronC.musselD.mire26.Sarah _articles to the New York Times from time to
13、 time.（分数：0.50）A.distributesB.issuesC.subscribesD.contributes27.The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of_.（分数：0.50）A.teeB.techC.llamaD.litigation28.All parts of this machine are_, so that it is very simple to get replacements for the
14、m.（分数：0.50）A.specializedB.standardizedC.minimizedD.modernized29.Napoleon was _at the battle of Waterloo in 1815.（分数：0.50）A.sublimatedB.interspersedC.vanquishedD.interposed30.We spent the day _through forests and over mountains.（分数：0.50）A.drudgingB.dribblingC.trekkingD.thumping二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，
15、分数：40.00)B(1)/BOne busy day, I was racing around trying to get too much done, and I exclaimed to my three kids in the car, “We can get both things done and kill two birds with one stone!“ My daughter Annie quietly suggested, “You mean feed two birds with one crumb, Mom, dont you?“ I stopped short, r
16、ealizing how steeped my language is in the culture of war. I had used “weapon“ language without even knowing it. I was embarrassed and yet felt a grace: if a child can become conscious of using a new language of peace, then there is hope.Think about the business language: strategies, bullets, high-c
17、aliber, power point; about win-lose sports language like “decimate“, “attack“, “destroy the other team“, not to mention the movies and video games that simulate the most gruesome annihilations over and over. The lies of propaganda, one-sided media coverage, the alienation of others (those terrorists
18、, the axis of evil), all part of the “collective psychic numbing“ of our times. The biggest lie of all is that nuclear weapons are going to protect us. Nuclear weapons are an assault on our life, our planet, and on the Creator of the universe. It seems to afflict what our people could be as a result
19、 of the mess seeming too big to handle for the average person, disconnected and disempowered. When the world food programme for children equals 1/70th of the annual world military expense, we see what a crisis we are in.Yet it inspired hope with the life examples of Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther Ki
20、ng, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Oscar Romero and others. Each spiritual leader lived the maxim, “no justice, no peace,“ nonviolently insisting on the truth, speaking truth to power without harming others or stripping their dignity. Imagine if we focused on this commonality, rather than what divid
21、es us; imagine if religions and religious leaders promulgated a global culture of peace and tolerance. We do not have to feel overwhelmed; that U. N. structures, NGO documents, UNESCO declarations, peoples ideas for education exist already, that the internet is a rich source of counterculture inform
22、ation, connectedness and hope. Of what use is a vote or medical care in a war-torn society? A culture of war is like a house of cards; the house can fall and give rise, like the phoenix, to a new culture of peace. There are three fundamental ways to build a culture of peace: understand, participate,
23、 communicate. Ill bet our children can think of 50 more, going out and waging peace.（分数：10.00）(1).How does the author feel about the current culture?（分数：2.00）A.Gratified.B.Ashamed.C.Indignant.D.Panicked.(2).What can we learn from the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The public is surrounded by various vi
24、olence and lies.B.So far we are deeply immersed in the culture of war.C.Nuclear weapons are vivid expression of a culture of war.D.There is another arms race in someplace of the world.(3).By saying “imagine if religions and religious leaders promulgated tolerance.“ (Line 5, Para.3) the author means
25、_.（分数：2.00）A.peace is the only way to achieve our human potentialB.peace is a human right and can not be deprived ofC.without peace, all other human rights are illusoryD.they should lead the faithful away from extremes(4).The statement “A culture of war is like a house of cards“ (Line 10, last parag
26、raph) implies except_.（分数：2.00）A.a culture of war can be destroyedB.a culture of war is not safe and reliableC.a culture of war will lead to wars easilyD.a culture of war can regenerate(5).From the passage we learn that the author is_.（分数：2.00）A.an enthusiast in world peaceB.a conscientious linguist
27、icianC.a sympathizer with poor childrenD.a devotional ChristianB(2)/BThere are some that would argue that hospitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advan
28、ced Uheart disease/U, it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled study of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill
29、 heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no visitors. Similar results were found in measures of heart and lung function.The s
30、enior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the
31、study. “Some patients in the first group,“ Ms. Cole said, “began to smile and immediately engaged in conversation with dog and volunteer.“ “Their worries seemed to vanish from their faces,“ she said. The researchers examined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes i
32、nto it and four minutes after it was over.Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients levels of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an ave
33、rage of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the hearts top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog. The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percen
34、t for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long the benefits lasted. “Dogs are a great comfort,“ she said. “They make people happi
35、er, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well.“（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “Similar results were found“ (Last sentence, Para. 1) means_.（分数：2.00）A.the measurement of patients heart and lung function drops when without visitorB.human volunteers only cant provide
36、 help for the patients heart and lung functionC.patients heart and lung work more effectively when visited by dog and volunteerD.none of the above(2).How can we know the heart patient is feeling better according to the study?（分数：2.00）A.When the anxiety measurement doesnt change.B.When the patients l
37、evel of epinephrine drops.C.When he expresses feelings of being loved by visitors.D.When he shows the willingness to communicate with people.(3).Which one is used by researchers to determine the benefit of having a dog visitor?（分数：2.00）A.Blood pressure measurement.B.Happiness measurement.C.Anxiety m
38、easurement.D.Heart rhythm measurement.(4).To which of the following statements would Ms. Cole most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Involve pet therapy into normal cures.B.Feed pets in every family.C.Use the dogs in scientific research.D.Avoid patients encounter with dogs.(5).Which of the following statement
39、s is TRUE according to the article?（分数：2.00）A.People should provide moderate places for dogs in the hospitals.B.The benefits of being with dogs for heart patients cant last long.C.Encountering dogs will cause the abnormal heart rate of patients.D.Study identifies that dog can be the heart patients b
40、est friend.B(3)/BAuctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is c
41、alled “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “autic“, meaning “increase“. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war
42、; these sales were called “sub hasta“, meaning “under the spear“, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle“; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it
43、 was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Chrities and So
44、thebys in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold t
45、ogether, called a “lot“, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid
46、for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular
47、buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller wilt fix a “reserve“ pric
48、e, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock-out“, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extreme
49、ly low prices. If such a “knockout“ comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.（分数：10.00）(1).The end of bidding is called “knocking down“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.the auctioneer knocks on the table_.B.The auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goodsC.the goods are knocked down onto the tableD.the auctioneer ba
