1、华中科技大学考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are those whom we instantly recognize as clinging to the traditional values of travel, the people who endure a kind of alienation and panic in foreign parts for the after-taste of having s
2、ampled new scenes. On the whole, travel at its best is rather comfortless, but travel is never easy: you get very tired, you get lost, you get your feet wet, you get little co-operation, andif it is to have any value at allyou go alone. Homesickness is part of this kind of travel. In these circumsta
3、nces, it is possible to make interesting discoveries about oneself and one“s surroundings. Travel has less to do with distance than with insight: it is, very often, a way of seeing. The second group of travelers has only appeared in numbers in the best twenty years. For these people, paradoxically,
4、travel is an experience of familiar things; it is travel that carries with it the illusion of immobility. It is going to a familiar airport and being strapped into a seat and held captive for a number of hoursimmobile; then arriving at an almost identical airport; being whisked to a hotel so fast it
5、 is not like movement at all, and the hotel and the food are identical to the hotel and the food in the city one has just left. This is all tremendously reassuring and effortless; indeed, it is possible to go from, say, London to Singapore and not experience the feeling of having traveled anywhere.
6、For many years in the past, this was enjoyed by the rich. It is wrong to call it tourism, because businessmen also travel this way; and many people, who believe themselves to be travelers, object to being called tourists. The luxury travelers of the past set an example for the package tourists of to
7、day. In this sort of travel you take your society with you: your language, your food, your styles of hotel and service. It is of course the prerogative of rich nationsAmerica, Western Europe, and Japan. It has had a profound effect on our view of the world. It has made real travel greatly sought-aft
8、er and somewhat rare. And I think it has caused a resurgence of travel writing. As everyone knows, travel is very unsettling, and it can be quite hazardous and worrying. One way of overcoming this anxiety is to travel packaged in style: luxury is a great remedy for the alienation of travel. What hel
9、ps calm us is a reminder of stability and protection, and what the average package tourist looks for in foreign surroundings is familiar sights.（分数：20.00）(1).The travelers described in paragraph 1 _.（分数：4.00）A.travel great distancesB.are afraid of new experiencesC.learn a lot about new placesD.recei
10、ve more help from local people(2).According to the author, the “traditional“ traveler _.（分数：4.00）A.feels at home in new placesB.enjoys minor discomfortsC.should expect to feel homesickD.dislikes company(3).The author suggests that the second group of travelers _.（分数：4.00）A.chooses boring destination
11、sB.is afraid of anything newC.would prefer to stay at homeD.adapts quickly to fresh surroundings(4).What gives travel an “illusion of immobility“?（分数：4.00）A.The absence of new experiences.B.The onset of fatigue.C.The number of people traveling.D.The length of the journey.(5).Which of the following s
12、tatements best sums up the author“s attitude to travel?（分数：4.00）A.Travel has to be tiring to be worthwhile.B.The package holiday encourages interest in new places.C.Modern travel has become comfortable but boring.D.Only the rich can travel in comfort.三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Bay filled the m
13、iddle distance, stretching out of sight on both sides, and one“s eye naturally traveled in a great sight-seeing arc: skimming along the busy Shoreline Freeway, swerving out across the Bay via the long Esseph Bridge to the city“s dramatic skyline, dark downtown skyscrapers posed against white residen
14、tial hills, from which it leapt across the graceful curves of the Silver Span suspension bridge, gateway to the Pacific, to alight on the green slopes of Miranda County. This vast panorama was agitated, even early in the morning, by every known form of transportationships, yachts, cars, trucks, trai
15、ns, planes, helicopters and hovercraftsall in simultaneous motion, reminding Philip of the brightly illustrated cover of a children“s book. It was indeed, he thought, a perfect marriage of Nature and Civilization, this view, where one might take in at a glance the consummation of man“s technological
16、 skill and the finest splendours of the natural world. The harmony he perceived in the scene was, he knew, illusory. Just out of sight to his left a cloud of smoke hung over the great military and industrial port of Ashland, and to his right the oil refineries of St Gabriel fumed into the limpid air
17、. The Bay, which winked so prettily in the morning sun, was, people said, poisoned by industrial waste and untreated effluent. For all that, Philip thought, almost guiltily, framed by his living-room window and seen at this distance, the view still looked very good indeed. Morris Zapp was less entra
18、nced with his viewa vista of dank back gardens, rotting sheds and dripping laundry, huge ill-looking trees, grimy roofs, factory chimneys and church spiresbut he had discarded this criterion at a very early stage of looking for accommodation in an English industrial town. You were lucky, he had quic
19、kly discovered, if you could find a place that could be kept at a temperature appropriate to human organisms, equipped with the more rudimentary amenities of civilized life, and decorated in a combination of colours and patterns that didn“t make you want to vomit on sight. He had taken an apartment
20、on the top floor of a huge old house owned by an Irish doctor and his extensive family. Dr O“shea had converted the attic with his own hands for the use of an aged mother, and it was to the recent death of this relative, the doctor impressed upon him, that Morris owed the good fortune of finding suc
21、h enviable accommodation vacant. Morris didn“t see this as a selling point himself, but O“shea seemed to think that the apartment“s sentimental associations were worth at least an extra five dollars a week to an American torn from the bosom of his own family.（分数：20.00）(1).What sort of movement is su
22、ggested by the verbs used to describe the eye“s progress in the first paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.smoothB.rapidC.interruptedD.reluctant(2).Why did Philip look “almost guiltily“ at the view?（分数：4.00）A.Because he realized its beauty was deceptive.B.Because he felt responsible for the pollution.C.Because he f
23、elt he was wasting time looking at it.D.Because he knew he had a better view than most people.(3).Which factor did Morris consider the most important when choosing accommodation?（分数：4.00）A.A tolerable view.B.A pleasant landlord.C.A reasonable rent.D.An efficient heating system.(4).Dr O“shea expected
24、 Morris to find the history of the apartment _.（分数：4.00）A.amusingB.comfortingC.depressingD.exciting(5).What is Morris“s attitude towards accommodation in England?（分数：4.00）A.He is charmed by the quaintness of the houses.B.He finds the contrast with America interesting.C.He is prepared to make the bes
25、t of it.D.He wishes he had stayed at home.四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：20.00)All at once Hazel was coming in through the French windows, pulling off gardening gloves, and Bill was entering through the door, both at once. So I only had time to take one quick look at her before I turned to face him. All v
26、ery confusing. What that first glimpse showed me was that time had thickened her figure but didn“t seem to have made much difference to her face. It still had good skin and youthful outlines. She was holding a bunch of rosesmust have been cutting them in the garden while waiting for me. The gardenin
27、g gloves lent a delightfully informal touch. It was quite an entrance, though Bill spoilt it a bit by making his at the same time. Bill seemed longer and thinner. His tightly massed hair had a tinge of grey. Apart from that, twenty years had done nothing to him, except deepen the lines of thoughtful
28、ness that had already, when I knew him, begun to spread across his face. Or was that all? I looked at him again, more carefully, as he looked away from me at Hazel. Weren“t his eyes different somehow? More inward-looking than ever? Gazing in not merely at his thoughts, but at something else, somethi
29、ng he was keeping hidden or perhaps protecting. Then we were chattering and taking glasses in our hands, and I came back to earth. For the first ten minutes we were all so defensive, so carefully probing, that nobody learnt anything. Bill had forgotten me altogether, that much was clear. He was enga
30、ged in getting to know me from scratch, very cautiously so as not to hit a wrong note, with the object of getting me to contribute a big subscription to his African project. I kept trying to absorb details about Hazel, but Bill was talking earnestly about African education, and the strain of appeari
31、ng to concentrate while actually thinking about his wife proved so great that I decided it would be easier just to concentrate. So I did. I let him hammer away for about ten more minutes, and then the daughter, who seemed to be acting as parlour-maid, showed in another visitor. Evidently we were to
32、be four at lunch.（分数：20.00）(1).What effect had time had on Hazel and Bill?（分数：4.00）A.They had both lost weight.B.They were more withdrawn.C.They hadn“t changed at all.D.They had changed in subtle ways.(2).When they all started talking, the writer _.（分数：4.00）A.relaxed at lastB.stopped dreamingC.spoke
33、 most to HazelD.began to remember things(3).The writer found the first part of their conversation _.（分数：4.00）A.sentimentalB.irritatingC.uninformativeD.trivial(4).Why did Bill speak seriously?（分数：4.00）A.Because he wanted some money from the writer.B.Because he did not remember the writer.C.Because hi
34、s wife was present.D.Because he was talking about the past.(5).In the end the writer found Bill“s conversation _.（分数：4.00）A.monotonousB.convincingC.thought-provokingD.instructive五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Diversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world
35、. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the most common and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature doe
36、s not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified. Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless
37、 supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result, an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most it is neglected and misunders
38、tood by much of the scientific community that once championed it. Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar one comes primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphra
39、sed: “First, if endangered species have a value as resourceswhich has been greatly exaggeratedthen we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global
40、threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions.“ The structure of the argument seems to me to be ide
41、ntical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly lady complained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. “The food was terrible“, she moaned. “Pure poison. I couldn“t eat a bite. And the portions were so tin
42、y!“ Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes. It is not cleat how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly
43、 provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.（分数：20.00）(1).Which feature of the natural world do people find e
44、specially fascinating?（分数：4.00）A.Its great variety.B.Its ancient forms.C.Its strange rituals.D.Its unclassified species.(2).Which adjective best describes the writer“s attitude towards the scientific community?（分数：4.00）A.Respectful.B.Supportive.C.Critical.D.Uncomprehending.(3).Which statement repres
45、ents the views of economists?（分数：4.00）A.It is important to conserve endangered species.B.Endangered species have no value in themselves.C.Only some parts of the natural world are under threat.D.New species could be introduced as necessary.(4).What point is the writer trying to make about the economi
46、sts“ arguments by including the joke in paragraph 4?（分数：4.00）A.Their case is overstated.B.Their logic is unsound.C.They are unduly pessimistic.D.They ignore the views of ordinary people.(5).Of which paragraph is paragraph 5 a summary?（分数：4.00）A.Paragraph 1B.Paragraph 2C.Paragraph 3D.Paragraph 4六、Pas
47、sage Five(总题数：1，分数：20.00)We threaded our way out of the noise and confusion of the Customs shed into the brilliant sunshine on the quay. Around us the town rose steeply, tiers of multi-coloured houses piled haphazardly, green shutters folded back from their windows like the wings of a thousand moths
48、. Behind us lay the bay, smooth as a plate smouldering with that unbelievable blue. Larry walked swiftly, with head thrown back and an expression of such regal disdain on his face that one did not notice his diminutive size, keeping a wary eye on the porters who struggled with his trunks. Behind him
49、 strolled Leslie, short, stocky, with an air of quiet belligerence, and then Margo, trailing yards of muslin and scent. Mother, looking like a tiny, harassed missionary in an uprising, was dragged unwillingly to the nearest lamp-post by an exuberant Roger, and was forced to stand there, staring into space, while he relieved pent-up feelings that had accumulated in his kennel. Larry chose two magnificently dilapidated horse-drawn cabs, had the luggage installed in one, and seated himself in the second. Then he looked round irritably. “Well?“ he aske
