1、华中科技大学考博英语-1 (1)及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage.The most famous painter in Victorias history is Emily Carr. When she was a child, she discovered that walking in the woodsU 1 /Umore to her than p
2、laying with other children, and that she was more interested inU 2 /Uthe streets of old Victoria than playing at home withU 3 /Uand spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spentU 4 /Uof her childhood in Beacon Hill Park,U 5 /Uwas very close to her home. DrawingU 6 /Uher, and she
3、 also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and evenU 7 /Ua monkey. She wasU 8 /Uinterested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victorias Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed soU 9 /Ufrom her own.As she became a young, strong andU 10 /Uwoma
4、n, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests toU 11 /Uand draw what she saw. She loved the free and simpleU 12 /Uof the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went onU 13 /Uwith two other women toU 14 /Uthe wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan,U 15 /Unorth of
5、Victoria.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. thanU 16 /Uother European woman. When you look at her paintings, you can sense theU 17 /Uof these dark, mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and,U 18 /Uthe dark colors may not be attractive to some people, theyU 1
6、9 /Uthe beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her onlyU 20 /U. （分数：20.00）A.attractedB.appealedC.alluredD.inducedA.dashingB.strollingC.
7、joggingD.roamingA.friendsB.matesC.dollsD.parentsA.muchB.lotsC.moreD.manyA.whereB.whichC.sinceD.itA.fascinatedB.bewilderedC.capturedD.indulgedA.fedB.domesticatedC.trainedD.confinedA.particularlyB.almostC.constantlyD.intrinsicallyA.diverseB.variousC.distinctD.outstandingA.specialB.independentC.lonelyD
8、.unaidedA.paintB.recordC.describeD.takeA.societyB.workC.lifestyleD.paceA.an adventureB.an exploitationC.a tourD.an expeditionA.checkB.exploreC.examineD.searchA.onlyB.justC.muchD.inA.anyB.someC.certainD.noneA.moodB.toneC.tasteD.atmosphereA.ifB.otherwiseC.thoughD.butA.evokeB.arouseC.remindD.raiseA.ene
9、miesB.foodsC.companionsD.friends二、B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions, you are to choose the best answer for each question.Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the matu
10、ring baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a .$ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of
11、trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonalds to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. OPepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC.“Its
12、becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow,“ said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.“Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2.
13、 5 percent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from(大不相同于)the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ag
14、o. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.“Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today,“ said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. “They are pressed for time. Money is
15、 still an issuebut their tastes are increasingly diverse-whether its gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings.“Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population-and the growth in the number of so-called “empty nesters“ with grown children-has meant a surge in the number of people willing to s
16、pend more for upscale items. This generation “will have the luxury of being more discriminating“ as their children leave home, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next l 0 years, leavi
17、ng them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. “Fast and cheap will still be driving factors, but our definitions of fast and cheap may be changing.“Various reports suggest industry leader McDonalds is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the n
18、umber of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who dont want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly tell about?（分数：2.00）A.Fast food dis
19、appoints consumers.B.People prefer less expensive food.C.McDonalds dominates the market of fast food.D.Fast food is losing its attraction.(2).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.OPepsico goes bankrupt.B.The number of supermarkets doubles.C.Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the de
20、velopment of fast food.D.McDonalds survives from the competition with retail food stores.(3).What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?（分数：2.00）A.They seek a variety of food.B.They have come of age.C.They will spend more money on food.D.They tend to have luxurious food.(4).Which of the following i
21、s not mentioned as an influence on peoples choices of food?（分数：2.00）A.Speed and price of the food.B.Diversity of the food.C.Tastes of the consumers.D.Age of the consumers.(5).What brings trouble to fast food industry?（分数：2.00）A.Customers demand and competition with retailers.B.The aging baby-boomer
22、and diversity of food.C.Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D.Customers demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Parents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the anima
23、l kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the
24、 right direction to find the cause of excessive crying,“ said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they
25、cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natura
26、l selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have propose
27、d that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra
28、 investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶)them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant crie
29、s,“ said Dado Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.“Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymo
30、uth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,“ Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.“Maestripieri and
31、other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry.“ Maestripieri said. “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.“（分数：10.00）(1).What can be the most probable title of this passage?（分数：2.00
32、）A.Parents Bothered by Babies CryB.Infants Crying for Parents AttentionC.Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD.False Cry(2).Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B.The difference in the amount of childrens cry is som
33、ewhat due to genes.C.Babies have a violent reaction to the mothers ignorance.D.Chimpanzees annoyance can hardly be alleviated.(3).What is implied in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers attention.B.Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their
34、health and strength.C.Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D.Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.(4).How do the parents respond to babies cry?（分数：2.00）A.They come to doubt it.B.They take it seriously.C.They are indifferent to it.D.They are weary of it.(5).Which of the following is NOT
35、 mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies cry?（分数：2.00）A.Discomfort.B.Hungry.C.Consolation.D.Thirsty.Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June l0 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever“ really means “as long as the records go back“, which is
36、 only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though-not for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled in
37、to glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than
38、 any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures-a frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year b
39、y climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick“ graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth“ to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years-that led Congre
40、ss to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was-so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as glob
41、al warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was mo
42、re or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening“ to “its happening, but its natural“, to “its mostly natural“-and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indee
43、d. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science-a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will fina
44、lly take serious action to deal with the warming, however, is a much less settled question.（分数：10.00）(1).What does this passage mainly deal with?（分数：2.00）A.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.B.The assessment of earths temperature.C.The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling globa
45、l warming.(2).What is “proxy measurement“ in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C.Taking advantage of previous pictures.D.Using clues left from the past.(3).What does the report from NRC indicate?（分数：2.0
46、0）A.The earth will become warmer.B.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.C.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D.The proxy measurements are reliable.(4).Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?（分数：2.00）A.The new report from NRC
47、is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.B.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.(5).What is the authors a
48、ttitude towards global warming theory?（分数：2.00）A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Favorable.D.Neutral.A proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russias aspirations to join the World Trade organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warne
49、d that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russias trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid.He emphasized that the European Union supported Russias WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russias WTO prospects, though EU states could do so. In order to join the organization, Russia must reac
