1、北京大学考博英语-9 及答案解析(总分：66.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：18.00)1.Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from _ which we wish to perceive.（分数：1.00）A.itB.theseC.thatD.those2.“The effect of this medicine _ by midnight,“ the doctor told Emma “You had bet
2、ter not try to read tonight.“（分数：1.50）A.will wear offB.wears offC.will have worn offD.will be worn off3.Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked _ .（分数：0.50）A.too long a timeB.a long time tooC.much time longD.long much time
3、4.“Is George really leaving the university? Yes, but would you mind _ to anyone“:“（分数：0.50）A.not to mention itB.not mention itC.not mentioning itD.not to mentioning it5.Hip replacement surgery is_joint replacement surgery in the U.S（分数：1.00）A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the s
4、ingle frequentD.a single frequent6.A comet is distinguished from other bodies in the solar system _.（分数：1.50）A.into its appearanceB.off its appearanceC.by its appearanceD.to its appearance7.Can“t you speak more _ to your parents?（分数：0.50）A.respectablyB.respectinglyC.respectivelyD.respectfully8.The m
5、agician picked out several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.（分数：1.00）A.by accidentB.on averageC.on occasionD.at random9.The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, _, is money.（分数：1.00）A.as is it across the countryB.as it is across the countryC.as it w
6、ere across the countryD.as were it across the country10.The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even _.（分数：1.00）A.to consider supporting itB.considering to support itC.to considering to support itD.considering supporting it11.Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages,
7、passengers can barely breathe, _ move about freely.（分数：1.00）A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning12.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.（分数：1.00）A.envelopedB.summonedC.temptedD.provoked
8、13.Some readers, especially children, find his works among the most_books they have ever read.（分数：1.00）A.captivatingB.captivatedC.capturableD.captious14.The room is so _ with furniture that it is hard to move about.（分数：0.50）A.muddledB.clutteredC.distributedD.scattered15.Hong Kong was not a target fo
9、r terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US _ closed for an apparent security review.（分数：1.00）A.ConsultationB.ConstitutionC.ConsulateD.Consular16.“They said what we always knew,“ said an administration source, _.（分数：1.00）A.he asked not to be namedB.who asked not to be namedC.who a
10、sked not be namedD.who asked not named17.Remember to ask for a_ of quality for the consumer goods; otherwise they will not of- fer any maintenance.（分数：0.50）A.certificateB.markC.warrantyD.receipt18.The patient is not in good condition, so do not _ your visit.（分数：0.50）A.lengthenB.delayC.extendD.prolon
11、g19.Australia is struggling to cope with the consequences of a devastating drought. As the world warms up, other countries should pay_（分数：1.00）A.heelB.healC.heedD.head20.The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now _ for it.（分数：1.00）A.none the worseB.none the betterC.never wor
12、seD.never better二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：18.00)The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According
13、 to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the pop
14、ulation, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase US economic output and strength
15、en the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax
16、 rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits. Hudson Institute researchers believe that fed
17、eral tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 4
18、01 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now d
19、iscourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report“s recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits. regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may inc
20、lude a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.（分数：0.00）(1).Accord
21、ing to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is _A.constructiveB.significantC.inconclusiveD.detrimental(2).The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may _A.do harm to younger gene
22、rationsB.end up with few or no benefitsC.give play to their potentialsD.shed light on social trends(3).The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that _A.there will be an acute labor shortage in the near futureB.baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic outputC.government policies concern
23、ing older people are out-datedD.alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefitsParkinson“s disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as “shaking palsy“, is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nations, at leas
24、t four million people worldwide have it; in North America, estimates run from 500,000 to one million, with about 50,000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the world“s elderly population grows; indeed, Parkinson“s and other neurodegenerative illnesses common in the
25、elderly (such as Alzheimer“s and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60; the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis h
26、as made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40. So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinson“s. Although treatments do exist-including drugs and deep-brain stimulation-these therapies alleviate symptoms, not causes. In
27、recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified. As its 19th-cen
28、tury name suggests-and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinson“s sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox-the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaire
29、d balance and coordination are among the disease“s hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually. These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the neu
30、rotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain can function normally as it loses d
31、opaminergic neurons in the supstantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays, fa
32、lse starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control-the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex-no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Parkinson“s disease can be best supp
33、orted by the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Parkinson“s disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old peopleB.Parkinson“s disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young peopleC.Parkinson“s disease first appeared in the 19th centuryD.Parkinson“s disease is a neuro
34、logical disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness(2).The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinson“s disease can help_（分数：1.00）A.prevent Parkinson“sB.alleviate the causes of Parkinson“sC.find new avenues for treatment of Parkinson“sD.cure Parkinson“s(3).A
35、ccording to the passage, what causes Parkinson“s disease?（分数：1.00）A.The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cellsB.The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movementC.There are tumors in the brainD.There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brain(4).Janet Reno and
36、Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because_（分数：1.00）A.they were experts on Parkinson“s diseaseB.they made great efforts to fight Parkinson“s diseaseC.they succeeded in fighting Parkinson“s diseaseD.they were well-known sufferers of Parkinson“s disease(5).The primary purpose of this passage
37、is to_（分数：1.00）A.analyze what causes Parkinson“s diseaseB.demonstrate how to prevent Parkinson“s diseaseC.warn the young people of the danger of Parkinson“s diseaseD.present new movements in the study of Parkinson“s diseaseMost scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force an
38、d gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student prob
39、ably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts. One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is t
40、o largely ignore it. That shouldn“t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new disco
41、very raises 10 new questions. By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we don“t know. More important, every day there is far more we know we don“t know. One crucial outcome of s
42、cientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ig
43、norance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, “Thoroughly conscious ignorance.is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. “ This perspective on sciencethat it is about the questions m
44、ore than the answers should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles and who doesn“t like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting tha
45、n answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things. Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of sciencethat it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if sc
46、ientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipediathen we might find a public once again engaged in this
47、 great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?（分数：1.00）A.Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600sB.Newton“s laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 year
48、sC.Since Newton“s time, science has developed into a mountain of factsD.A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did(2).Which of the following is best supported in this passage?（分数：1.00）A.A scientist is a master of knowledgeB.Knowledge generates better ignoranceC.Ignorance is a
49、sign of lack of educationD.Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant(3).Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?（分数：1.00）A.Because people like solving puzzlesB.Because questions make science accessibleC.Because there are more questions than answersD.Because questions point the way to deep answers(4).The expression “take a backseat“ (line 1, paragraph 5) probably means（分数：1.00）A.take a back placeB.have a different roleC
