1、北京大学考博英语-6 及答案解析(总分：103.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：17，分数：20.00)1.Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.A. determined B. argued C. pretended D. hypothesized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Malaria is an infectio
2、us parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequentlyArepeating Bterminal Cdebilitating Drecurrent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.They are looking for a _ experienced secretary who is capable of organizing a busy sales office.A. chartered B. mature C. graduated D. polished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.
3、Now many manufacturers build their business reputations by enclosing _ in the new products in case of damage in shipment or by incorrect operation.A. categories B. accessories C. analogies D. observatories（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical
4、care.A entitled to B involved in C associated with D assigned to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Glass-fiber cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations _.A. spontaneously B: simultaneously C. immediately D. immiscibly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you
5、 were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents happiness? Parents s
6、uffer continually from fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good “old-fashioned“ spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological
7、 wounds you might inflict? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive
8、permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on childcare, there are countless articles in
9、 magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are regulated according to the needs of heir offspring. When the little dear
10、s develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can t
11、he poor parents do but obey?Children are hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinque
12、ncy in our own age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.The psychologists have
13、much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react
14、against. Perhaps theres some truth in the idea that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life.（分数：8.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?A. There is no defense for Victorian harshness. B. Parents are gratefu
15、l to Freud for his advice.C. Parents can be too strict with their children. D. Child-care books prove sensible and practical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author says that todays parents_A. are bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature.B. draw a distinction between permissiveness and negl
16、igence.C. are partial towards children from happy home backgrounds.D. weigh their childrens intellect rather than intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author wants to illustrate with Johnny roaming the streets?A. An instance of arbitrariness. B. A case of juvenile delinquency.C. An exampl
17、e of responsibility. D. A prototype of classics.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that children who enjoy all-important happiness will_A. soon gain independence from their negligent parents.B. stay away from the influence of juvenile delinquency.C. avoid being
18、given uncertain psychological complexes.D. grow up to be more immature and irresponsible adults.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and lights that told them how each item of equipment was functioning.A. observed B. preserved C. monitored D. nurtured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Scienti
19、sts generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is _in Comparison.Aoverwhelming Buninspiring Castounding Dtrifling（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact _ she knows about it is all sadly out of date.A.
20、so little B. that much C. what little D. how much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Without Bobs testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and _ in the case will be impossible.A. verdict B. sentence C. conviction D. acquittal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midl
21、ife crisis was on the end of a Ferrari are gone.A. shorten B. better off C. keep away from D. strive for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.There has been an increase in attendance at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.A. developed B. sponsored C. advanced
22、 D. promoted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Jack would rather his younger sister _ in the same hospital as he does.A. worked B. works C. to work D. work（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.As the case of Amitar Ray and his family exemplifies, professional immigrants are among the most rapidly _ first because of their occupation
23、al success and second because of the absence of strong ethnic networks that reinforce the culture of origin.A. assimilated B. consumed C. accustomed D. fascinated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The magician picked out several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by acci
24、dent B. on average C. on occasion D. at random（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The Great Wall is a great tourist _ , drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.A. attention B. appointment C. attraction D. interest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：6，分数：43.00)Today, we have the lon
25、gest peacetime expansion in our history. After years and years of deficits, we now have budget surpluses for years ahead. More people have a chance to realize the American Dream than ever before. More children have a chance to realize their full potential than ever before. Weve laid a foundation to
26、preserve our prosperity for future generations.Now, as the budget deadline rapidly approaches this year, we face many of the same tough choices again. And once again, I think the answer is clear: To build a strong nation in the new century, we must continue to invest in our future. That means we mus
27、t strengthen social security, secure and modernize medicare, and pay off the national debt in fifteen years, making America debt-free for the first time since 1835. And once again, it means we must invest in education, not sacrifice it.Months ago, I sent Congress a responsible budget to maintain our
28、 fiscal discipline and honor our commitment to our Childrens education. So far the Republicans in Congress havent put forth a budget of their own. In fact, theyre so busy trying to figure Out how to pay for their irresponsible tax plan that theyre in serious danger of not meeting their obligation to
29、 finish the budget by the end of the budget year. Even worse, theyre preparing to pay for their own pet projects at the expense of our childrens education.We know now that the Republicans risky tax cut would force us to slash vital funding for education by as much as 50 percent over the next ten yea
30、rs. But what many people dont know is that next year alone, the Republican plan would cut the bill that funds education by nearly 20 percent.Now, ff carried out, this plan would lead to some of the worst cuts in education in our history. More than 5,000 teachers could be laid off. Fifty thousand stu
31、dents could be turned away from after-school and summer-school programs. More than 2 million of our poorest students in our poorest communities would have a smaller chance of success in school and in the workplaces of the future. These arent just numbers on a balance sheet; theyre vital investments
32、in our children and our future.In a time when education is our top priority, Republicans in Congress are making it their lowest priority. So let me be clear: ff the Republicans send me a bill that doesnt live up to our national commitment to education, I wont hesitate to veto it. If it undermines ou
33、r efforts to hire high-quality teachers to reduce class size in our public schools, I will veto it. If it fails to strengthen after-school, and summer-school programs, Ill veto it. If it underfunds college scholarship programs, I will veto it. If it sends me a bill that turns its back on our childre
34、n and their future, Ill send them back to the drawing board. I wont let Congress push through a budget thats paid for at the expense of our children and our future prosperity.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer that the audience for the speaker in the passage is _.A. CongressB. composed of common votersC. a g
35、roup of public-school administratorsD. a group of contributors to the Democratic Party（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT stated or implied in this passage?A. Fifty-thousand students could be turned away from after-school programs.B. Budget deficits will increase.C. Education funding
36、may be cut by 50 percent over a ten-year period.D. The national debt may be paid off.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT stated or implied about education?A. Higher education should be reserved for the talented people.B. The nation should view education as an investment.C. Education s
37、hould be the primary goal for the congressional budget.D. Education and national prosperity are deeply connected.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By using words such as irresponsible, risky, and pet projects, the speaker is obviously _.A. attempting to be mildB. trying to convince Republicans to come to his sid
38、eC. appealing to the Republicans sense of fiscal responsibilityD. trying to take the same position as the audience by attacking his rivals（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. America will increase its investments in future.B. America has bee
39、n in debt since 1835.C. The Republicans are trying to pass a tax-cut bill in Congress.D. The Republicans might not be able to finish their budget by the end of the budget year.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic ri
40、ghts: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,
41、but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights,“ he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food
42、gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson
43、observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,“ he argues. “There is no private property without government-individuals may have possessions, the way a d
44、og possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.“Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure pe
45、ople honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks . if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the
46、profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,“ Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices find the quantities of goods produced rather tha
47、n letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth
48、. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力) to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade., and therefore at least some economic advance,“ Olson concludes.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writ
49、er.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following represents Olsons point of view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, peop
