1、北京大学考博英语-4 及答案解析(总分：81.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：16.50)1.Dont rest on your laurels; _ your success and start looking for new markets now.A. add up B. follow up C. work up D. count up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends m
2、ost of her time enjoying herself, but takes _ pains with her lessons.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.She _ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy.A. cited B. recited C. listed D. lifted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He _ that he has discovered a
3、 new planet.A. permits B. claims C. classifies D. confesses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from _ which we wish to perceive.A. it B. these C. that D. those（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact,
4、he _ his opinion.A. struck at B. strove for C. stuck to D. stood for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a _ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A. long B. forever C. lasting D. lively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Nobody knows why there are so few women at the _ o
5、f movies.A. helm B. seat C. control D. reign（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The _ of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year.A. procedures B. processes C. proceedings D. projects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In an allergic reaction, the immune system mistakenly _ a harmless s
6、ubstance as a harmful one.A. translates B. dubs C. interprets D. produces（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the _ of parting.A. jealousy B. relief C. anguish D. appreciation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The semantic _ of ancient documents is not unique
7、. Even in our own time, many documents are difficult to decipher.A. aspect B. pattern C. opacity D. intention（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.A full _ of all the reasons for and against closing the railway has begunA. explosion B. exploration C. exploitation D. explanation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.So much of modem fic
8、tion in the United States is autobiographical, and so much of the autobiography fictionalized, that the_ sometimes seem largelyA. authors. ignored B. needs. unrecognizedC. genres. interchangeable D. intentions. misunderstood（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The _ stuck on the envelope says “By Air“.A diagram B la
9、bel C signal D mark（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Remember to ask for a_ of quality for the consumer goods; otherwise they will not of- fer any maintenance.A. certificate B. mark C. warranty D. receipt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Peoples behavior patterns must be _ with their goals.A. consented B. convertible C. compat
10、ible D. confronted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.Someone who gives an expensive gift often feels that he should receive more praise than if he _ a less expensive gift.A. gave B. gives C. had given D. has given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.From what he said at the court, we can _ that Steve had stolen the car.A. infect B
11、. impress C. infer D. suggest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The report managed to get an _ interview with the Prime Minister.A. extinct B. excluding C. excessive D. exclusive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：7，分数：34.50)The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable
12、enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive human care in hospital-like environments and treatment which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid 1800s, 20 states had establi
13、shed asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental h
14、ealth field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect .patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.These conditions continued until after World War . At that time, new treatments wer
15、e discovered for some major mental illnesses theretofore considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposs called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improve
16、ments were made and Dr. David Vails Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights movement led lawyers to investigate Americas prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed
17、 prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their rights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with
18、people who were considered “crazy“ and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both p
19、assive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice, which once exposed, was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience. Patients rights g
20、roups successfully encouraged reform by lobbying in state legislatures.Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day
21、care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental healty administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, admi
22、nistrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patient rights are respected.（分数：5.00）(1).The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. provide a historical perspective on problems of mental health careB. increase
23、 public awareness of the plight of the mentally iiiC. shock the reader with vivid descriptions of asylumsD. describe the invention of new treatments for mental illness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors attitude toward people who are patients in state institutions can best be described as _.A. inflexib
24、le and insensitive B. detached and neutralC. understanding and sympathetic D. enthusiastic and supportive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that, had the Civil Rights movement not prompted an investigation of prison conditions, _.A. states would never have established asylums f
25、or the mentally illB. new treatments for major mental illness would have likely remained untestedC. the Civil Rights movement in America would have been politically ineffectiveD. conditions in mental hospitals might have escaped judicial scrutiny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The tone of the final paragraph c
26、an best be described as _.A. overly emotional B. cleverly deceptiveC. cautiously optimistic D. fiercely independent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, mental hospital conditions were radically changed because of _.A. a group of young angry men in the 1900sB. active young lawyers in the 19
27、60sC. innocent insane patients protestD. powerful court interventions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.It was (and is) common to think that other animals are ruled by “instinct“ whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,“ and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals
28、. William James, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be Mind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely beca
29、use they work so well-because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take “normal“ behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal“ behavi
30、or needs to be explained at all. This “instinct blindness“ makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seem strange.“ It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to as
31、k for the why of any instinctive human act.In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural - it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists avoi
32、d the study of natural competences, thinking that there is nothing there to be explained. As a result, social psychologists are disappointed unless they find a phenomenon “that would surprise their grandmothers,“ and cognitive psychologists spend more time studying how we solve problems we are bad a
33、t, like learning math or playing chess, than ones we are good at. But our natural competences - our abilities to see, to speak, to find someone beautiful, to reciprocate a favor, to fear disease, to fall in love, to initiate an attack, to experience moral outrage, to navigate a landscape, and myriad
34、 others - are possible only because there is a vast and heterogeneous array of complex computational machinery supporting and regulating these activities. This machinery works so well that we dont even realize that it exists - we all suffer from instinct blindness. As a result, psychologists have ne
35、glected to study some of the most interesting machinery in the human mind.（分数：5.00）(1).William James believed that man is more flexibly intelligent than other animals because man is more _. A. adaptive B. reasonable C. instinctive D. sophisticated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do we usually think of our
36、normal behavior?A. It is controlled by powerful thoughts.B. It is beyond the study of psychology.C. It doesnt need to be explained.D. It doesnt seem to be natural sometimes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, which of the following is most likely studied nowadays by psychologists?A. Why do
37、 we smile when pleased?B. Why do we love our children?C. How do we appreciate beautiful things?D. How do we reason and process information?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author thinks that psychology is to _. A. take the normal behavior for granted B. make the natural seem strangeC. study abnormal compete
38、nces D. make easy things difficult（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author stresses that our natural abilities are _. A. not replaced by reasoning B. the same as other animalsC. not as complex as we think D. worth studying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to
39、_ regret.A. teem with B. brim with C. come with D. look with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity hes been _ with requests for money from all sides.A. devastated B. smashed C. bombarded D. cracked（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Woodrow Wilson was referring to the li
40、beral idea of the economic market when he said that the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. Maximum freedom means maximum productiveness; our “openness“ is to be the measure of our stability. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old World“ categories of
41、settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo“ defended or attacked. The United States, it was believed, had no status quo ante. Our only “station“ was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. We di
42、d not base our system on property but opportunitywhich meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. The conventional picture of class polities is composed of the Haves, who want a stability to keep
43、what they have, and the Have-nots, who want a touch of instability and change in which to scramble for the things they have not. But Americans imagined a condition in which speculators, self-makers, runners are always using the new opportunities given by our land. These economic leaders (front-runne
44、rs) would thus be mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggere
45、d “starting lines“.“Reform“ in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action“, as it were, for the disenfranchised. There is no attempt to call off the race. Since our only sta
46、bility is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. There is, in our legends, no heroism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work force of the people who actually make the system work. There is no pride in being an employee (Wilson as
47、ked for a return to the time when everyone was an employer). There has been no boasting about our social workersthey are merely signs of the systems failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things to be eliminated. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system c
48、an serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (for ther
49、e is no end).（分数：7.50）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.A. criticize the inflexibility.of American economic mythologyB. contrast “Old World“ and “New World“ economic ideologiesC. challenge the integrity of traditional political leadersD. champion those Americans whom the author deems to be neglected（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, “Old World“ values were based on_.A. ability B.
