1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use Englis(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that“s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War and the people they lib
2、erated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not s
3、omeone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name isn“t much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to
4、the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac . a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe. GI. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story
5、of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. H
6、is reports 16 the “Willie“ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G
7、. I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.（分数：10.00）A.performedB.servedC.rebelledD.betrayedA.actualB.commonC.specialD.normalA.boreB.casedC.removedD.loadedA.necessitiesB.facilitiesC.commoditiesD.propertiesA.andB.norC.butD.henceA.forB.intoC.formD.againstA.meaningB.
8、implyingC.symbolizingD.claimingA.handed outB.turned overC.brought backD.passed downA.pushedB.gotC.madeD.managedA.everB.neverC.eitherD.neitherA.disguisedB.disturbedC.disputedD.distinguishedA.companyB.collectionC.communityD.colonyA.employedB.appointedC.interviewedD.questionedA.ethicalB.militaryC.polit
9、icalD.humanA.ruinedB.commutedC.patrolledD.gainedA.paralleledB.counteractedC.duplicatedD.contradictedA.neglectedB.avoidedC.emphasizedD.admiredA.stagesB.illusionsC.fragmentsD.advancesA.WithB.ToC.AmongD.BeyondA.on the contraryB.by this meansC.from the outsetD.at that point二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：
10、0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his education
11、al ritual. Unfortunately, L. A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student“s academic grade. This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or cha
12、otic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complic
13、ated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling, teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%
14、 of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible t
15、hat the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its
16、 students“ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive i
17、s meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts publ
18、ic hearings. It is not too late for L. A. Unified to do homework right.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework _.（分数：2.00）A.is receiving more criticismB.is no longer an educational ritualC.is not required for advanced coursesD.is gaining more preferences(2).L. A. Unified ha
19、s made the rule about homework mainly because poor students _.（分数：2.00）A.tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB.have asked for a different educational standardC.may have problems finishing their homeworkD.have voiced their complaints about homework(3).According to Paragraph 3, one p
20、roblem with the policy is that it may _.（分数：2.00）A.discourage students from doing homeworkB.result in students“ indifference to their report cardsC.undermine the authority of state testsD.restrict teachers“ power in education(4).As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework i
21、s whether _.（分数：2.00）A.it should be eliminatedB.it counts much in schoolingC.it places extra burdens on teachersD.it is important for grades(5).A suitable title for this text could be _.（分数：2.00）A.Wrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyB.A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC.Thorny Questions ab
22、out HomeworkD.A Faulty Approach to Homework五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls“ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may cel
23、ebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls“identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls“ live
24、s and interests. Girls“ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babi
25、es wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What“s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of r
26、ed, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children“s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when i
27、t began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Tak
28、e the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children“s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications
29、counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone“ between infant wear and older kids“ clothes. It was only after “toddler“ became a common shoppers“ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, in
30、to ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “it is. the rainbow“ (Line 3, Para. 1), the author means pink _.（分数：2.00）A
31、.should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB.should not be associated with girls“ innocenceC.cannot explain girls“ lack of imaginationD.cannot influence girls“ lives and interests(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?（分数：2.00）A.Colours are encoded in girls“ D
32、NAB.Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girlsC.Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolizing gendersD.White is preferred by babies(3).The author suggests that our perception of children“s psychological development was much influenced by _.（分数：2.00）A.the marketing of products for childrenB.t
33、he observation of children“s natureC.researches into children“s behaviorD.studies of childhood consumption(4).We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to _.（分数：2.00）A.focus on infant wear and older kids“ clothesB.attach equal importance to different gendersC.classify consume
34、rs into smaller groupsD.create some common shoppers“ terms(5).It can be concluded that girls“ attraction to pink seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB.fully understood by clothing manufacturersC.mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD.well interpreted by psycholog
35、ical experts六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 2010, a federal judge shook America“s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agit
36、ated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step“ in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold
37、patents to two genes that help forecast a woman“s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad cas
38、e itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents, a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents“ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad“s. A growing number seem to
39、 agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.“
40、Despite the appeals court“s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court. As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even gre
41、ater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA moleculesmost are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug“s efficacy. Companies ar
42、e eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,“ explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to
43、coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like _.（分数：2.00）A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patentableD.the BIO to issue a warning(2).Tho
44、se who are against gene patents believe that _.（分数：2.00）A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests(3).According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for _.（分数：2.00）A.
45、establishing disease correlationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA(4).By saying “each meeting was packed“ (Line 4, Para. 6) the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was
46、a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventions(5).Generally speaking, the author“s attitude toward gene patenting is _.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objective七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before
47、 it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster
48、. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it ha
49、s awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Mora! Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of
