1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use Englis(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This str
2、eet was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 4 , some shops offered 5 These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s
3、, a change began to 7 Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is wh
4、at they got 11 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13 crowded city centers. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 16 of shopping centers led 17 to the
5、 building of bigger and better stocked stores. 18 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 19 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.（分数：10.00）A.As
6、 early asB.EarlyC.Early asD.EarlierA.builtB.designedC.intendedD.linedA.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixed upA.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In additionD.As wellA.medical careB.foodC.cosmeticsD.servicesA.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.ButA.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken placeA.whileB.yet
7、C.thoughD.and thenA.available forB.available toC.used byD.ready forA.overB.fromC.out ofD.outsideA.whenB.whileC.sinceD.thenA.startedB.foundedC.set upD.organizedA.out ofB.away fromC.next toD.nearA.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.EnjoyedA.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtownA.distinctionB.fameC.populari
8、tyD.likingA.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.furtherA.ByB.DuringC.InD.TowardsA.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handinessA.because ofB.andC.withD.provided二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That
9、would be great, wouldn“t it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say th
10、e new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it“s up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching
11、 for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can“t be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule
12、 of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules
13、and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides unchanged through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it“s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines
14、 that make olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may
15、reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many c
16、alories they are consuming.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that _.（分数：2.00）A.contains plenty of nutrientsB.renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsC.makes foods easily digestibleD.makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious(2).The result of
17、the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _.（分数：2.00）A.commercially uselessB.just as anticipatedC.somewhat controversialD.quite unexpected(3).Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _.（分数：2.00）A.it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB.it facilitates the absorp
18、tion of vitamins by the bodyC.it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD.it prevents excessive intake of vitamins(4).What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?（分数：2.00）A.It may impair the digestive systemB.It may affect the overall fat intakeC.It may increase the r
19、isk of cancerD.It may spoil the consumers“ appetite(5).Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?（分数：2.00）A.It may lead to the over-consumption of vitaminsB.People may be induced to eat more than is necessaryC.The function of the intestines may be weakenedD.It may trigger a ne
20、w wave of fake food production五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an Amer
21、ican invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world“s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative.
22、 A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race?
23、Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lags behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 p
24、ercent of Burson-Marshall“s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs.
25、In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of C
26、NN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign“ would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the
27、passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of _.（分数：2.00）A.shrinking cultural differences and new communication technologiesB.increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC.an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesD.the decreasing n
28、umber of multinational corporations technologies(2).The underlined word “provincial“ (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “ _ “.（分数：2.00）A.rigid in thinkingB.interested in world financial affairsC.like people from the provincesD.limited in outlook(3).London could soon replace New York as the centre
29、 of PR because _.（分数：2.00）A.British companies place more importance on PR than UB.British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesC.British companies are more ambitious than UD.Four of the world“s top public relations agencies are British-owned(4).We learn from the third paragraph that
30、employees in the American PR industry _.（分数：2.00）A.enjoy reading a great variety of English business publicationsB.speak at least one foreign language fluentlyC.are ignorant about world geographyD.are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts(5).What lesson might be the PR industry take fr
31、om Ted Turner of CNN?（分数：2.00）A.The American PR industry should develop global communication technologiesB.People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign“C.American PR companies should be more internationally mindedD.People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages六、Text 3
32、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some
33、as yet unidentified infection caused leukemianot the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood leukemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A vi
34、rus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection.“ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, whic
35、h focused on a cluster of leukemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The
36、Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that pop
37、ulation mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the
38、 British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the po
39、ssible cause of childhood leukemia by infection?（分数：2.00）A.Leo KinlenB.Richard DollC.Louise ParkerD.Heather Dickinson(2).Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker“s new findings?（分数：2.00）A.Radiation has contributed to the diseaseB.Putting a lot of people from rural area
40、 in a large town increases the risk of childhood leukemiaC.Population mixing is the most important reason for leukemia clusterD.Childhood leukemia is caused by an unusual infection(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most people believe childhood leukemia is due to
41、 environmental factorsB.Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukemiaC.Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukemiaD.Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukemia(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a _.（分数：2.00）A.medical journalB.research instituteC.
42、private companyD.governmental agency(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the cluster of leukemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB.the kind of infection that causes childhood leukemiaC.the causes of childhood leukemiaD.a new finding by British scientists七、Text 4(总题数：1，分
43、数：10.00)Forget Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The theme song of this recession might well be “Mother, Can You Write a Check?“ The distressing economy has resulted in increasing numbers of parents and grandparents helping out their strapped adult children and grandkids with home down payments, credit
44、-card bailouts (紧急财政援助), and spare cashoften at the same time as parents are trying to confront new retirement budgets. “We are seeing a ton of this,“ says Ross Levin, in Edina, Minn. , a financial adviser. “Sometimes it“s a great idea and sometimes it is not. You have to make sure you put on your o
45、wn oxygen mask first.“ Some 62 percent of visitors to Grandparents. com have helped their kids financially in the past year, with 70 percent of that group handing over cash to help their adult children and grandchildren with daily expenses, says the site“s CEO, Jerry Shereshewsky. Another popular ca
46、tegory is housing; in the last year many parents have coughed up down payments to help their kids get into homes while the 8,000 first-time home buyer“s credit was in effect. Then there“s the debt-bailout situation. A survey recently conducted by Creditcards. com for Newsweek found that 42 percent o
47、f folks with adult children have helped them pay off car loans, credit cards, medical bills, and more. None of this is surprising to Shereshewsky, who sees the trend as a natural result of changing families and the distribution of wealth. “This is where all the money isand it“s where the money is, d
48、espite the fact that we“ve had this meltdown.“ In general, the baby-boom generation is far wealthier than their children are, and has a lower unemployment rate than 20-something“s. He says that the vast majority of multi-generation households now involve adult children (and sometimes their children)
49、 moving in with aging parents. Baby-boom parents generally aspire to help their kids and their grandchildren and don“t want to wait until they are dead to do it. “You should give while you“re young enough to enjoy the fruits of what you“re doing,“ says Shereshewsky, who is personally considering getting a reverse mortgage on his home when it comes time to help his 20-something kids with home purchases.（分数：10.00）(1).According the passage, people are regarded as “strapped“ if they are _.（分数：2.00）A.jobless in the recessionB.in financial dif
