1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful 1 is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease
2、 organisms and personal devices is 2 . Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 3 resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 4 ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 5 wire umbilici. It is tempting to 6 a “str
3、ategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. 7 , the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 8 experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech 9 occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as a
4、nimal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a 10 cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is 11 with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones w
5、hen we 12 look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement 13 an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 14 that
6、 the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been 15 by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 16 , mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits
7、 to 17 sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 18 the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this 19 , a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This
8、 would make it 20 to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.（分数：10.00）A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.eventA.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysteriousA.relyingB.choosingC.grabbingD.usingA.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing forA.wi
9、thB.overC.toD.viaA.pointB.turnC.attributeD.preferA.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.OtherwiseA.whichB.asC.thatD.whereA.progressB.termC.crisisD.addictionA.dangerousB.specialC.largeD.funnyA.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversedA.anxiouslyB.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlesslyA.withinB.fromC.aboutD.throughA.s
10、upportB.approveC.argueD.insistA.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modifiedA.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.RegrettablyA.compensateB.helpC.comfortD.improveA.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observeA.partB.senseC.levelD.wayA.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A
11、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It took some time to figure out just the right shopping complex, off just the right highway interchange and just the right distance from Seoul, that could accommodate a 624,000-square-foot storethat is to say, one more than three times the size of the average W
12、al-Mart Supercenter. It took more time to solve certain mysteries, like how big to make the store“s children“s section in a country where kids are often given ample space in the family living quarters. It took more time to figure out how to showcase kitchens that incorporate kimchi refrigerators, a
13、uniquely Korean applianceand even more time to untangle nuances of the market, like the South Korean“s preference for metal chopsticks. In all, it took about six years for Ikea to unveil its inaugural store in South Korea, in Gwangmyeong, starting from the first scouting trip. The lag was typically
14、Ikean. But six years? “The more global, the more complex it gets,“ replies Mikael Palmquist, the regional manager of retail for Asia Pacific. “We need to get these things right or we will never be taken seriously.“ Today the Gwangmyeong store, which is the company“s largest in the world by shopping
15、area, is on track to become one of Ikea“s top-performing outlets for 2015. The success is hardly a fluke. Ikea, it seems, is a genius at selling Ikeaflat packing, transporting, and reassembling its quirky Swedish styling all across the planet. The furniture and furnishings brand is in more countries
16、 than Wal-Mart and Carrefour. China, where Ikea has eight of its 10 biggest stores, is the company“s fastest-growing market. An outlet in Morocco is coming soon, and there are hints that Brazil may not be far off. Meanwhile, Ikea is going meatballs out in India, where it plans to invest about $2 bil
17、lion over a decade to open 10 stores. Getting it right in emerging markets like China and India, where Ikea is well-positioned to capitalize on a growing middle class, is a key factor in its goal of hitting 50 billion in sales by 2020. That“s up from （分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is used to illu
18、strate that _.（分数：2.00）A.it took more time to figure out a right shopping complexB.it was tricky to make an ample children“s section in a storeC.it was time-consuming to untangle nuances of the Korean marketD.the lag is the unique feature of Ikea to open new stores(2).Ikea doesn“t expand too rapidly
19、 because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is a global companyB.the expansion is too complexC.it is difficult to get things rightD.it needs to be taken seriously by customers(3).The phrase “a fluke“ (Para.4) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.an effortB.good luckC.an opportunityD.a necessity(4).According to the text, Ikea i
20、s a genius at all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.selling its furnitureB.selling its furnishingsC.reassembling Swedish styleD.expanding outlets(5).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Ikea is aiming for around 500 stores by 2020.B.South Korean is Ikea“s fastest-growing market.C.Brazil
21、may be one of Ikea“s emerging markets.D.Ikea plans to capitalize on middle classes in India.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm re
22、gards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities. I“ve been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakaria“s smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Educ
23、ation. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well. First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are v
24、aluable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure te
25、chnical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skillsexcellence at communicating and working with peoplewith technical skills. My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences.
26、 Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the President“s Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, “Human Cloning and Human Dignity,“ it depends upon the huma
27、nities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values. Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there“s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating
28、 that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bri
29、dges of understanding. In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in Harvard are not popular amon
30、g parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists aren“t key interests of the state.(2).Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts _.（分数：2.00）A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich your wallets in economyC.ach
31、ieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills(3).Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Facebook set its privacy?C.H
32、ow should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?(4).According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonfiction _.（分数：2.00）A.evaluate the work more difficultyB.decode the emotional st
33、ate poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily(5).On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essential to the wise decisions o
34、f an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industry“s lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Bake
35、r caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gmez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are s
36、tarting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, called Project Include, was unveiled on Tuesday. As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity
37、of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture cap
38、ital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups. Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signed up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized s
39、et of results to show the progressor lack thereofthat the start-ups have made around diversity. The group“s push is intended to cut through tech“s slow pace of change on diversity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work
40、 forces, and some have started programs to move the needle. But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In December, for instance, Michael Moritz, a partner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firmwhich had no fem
41、ale investment partners in the United Stateswould focus on hiring women but would not “lower its standards“ to do so. He also said the firm was blind to gender and race. “It is this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and
42、will get funded,“ said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse than that of white males. “Despite an avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.“（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from
43、the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.Ellen Pao spent a lot of time diversifying the court“s structureB.Erica Baker is an experienced HR in GoogleC.Ellen Pao, Erica Baker and Laura I. Gmez found a start-up togetherD.Project Include is aimed to diversify the employees in tech companies(2).The effort
44、of Project Include on start-ups expects to _.（分数：2.00）A.obtain commitments from tech companiesB.obtain related dataC.urge the companies to think about equality earlierD.urge the venture capital firms to participate(3).What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months?（分数：2.00）
45、A.Make them agree with the cohort.B.Meet them regularly.C.Define specific metrics.D.Track specific metrics.(4).The phrase “the needle“ (Para. 4) probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.diverse work forcesB.a needle for weavingC.views on diversificationD.the measures of Project Include(5).It seems that Ms. K
46、apor Klein believes _.（分数：2.00）A.the root of the problem is people“s arroganceB.there is a long way to improve existing prejudiceC.the racism is still seriousD.people need to have an open mind七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may
47、portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in t
48、he marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds,
49、 the number of marriages also rises. Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife“s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems oft
