1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-17 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the b
2、iggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heelsa woman“s worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing hee
3、ls, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a
4、 positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气) lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized hol
5、es to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Regardless of such practical uses for hee
6、ls, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to one“s physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生), and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails. The risk of sever
7、e back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate (阴沟栅) and being thrown to the groundpossibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And
8、of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.（分数：20.00）(1).What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?（分数：4.00）A.The multi-functional use of high heels.B.Their attempt to show off
9、their status.C.The rich variety of high heel styles.D.Their wish to improve their appearance.(2).The author“s presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant _.（分数：4.00）A.to be ironicB.to be fair to the fashion industryC.to poke fun at womenD.to make his point convincing(3).The author uses
10、the expression “those babies“ (Line 3, Para. 2) to refer to high heels _.（分数：4.00）A.to show their fragile characteristicsB.to indicate their feminine featuresC.to show women“s affection for themD.to emphasize their small size(4).The author“s chief argument against high heels is that _.（分数：4.00）A.the
11、y pose a threat to lawnsB.they are injurious to women“s healthC.they don“t necessarily make women beautifulD.they are ineffective as a weapon of defense(5).The following are all the problems that could possibly caused by high heels EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.deformed feet and torn toenailsB.severe back pro
12、blems and twisted or broken anklesC.the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate and being thrown to the groundD.getting the enemies threatenedThe chief problem in coping with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from you, but that they are
13、 enormously variable. Cross a frontier without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble. One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist.
14、 Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian. Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate the green light by moving off prematurely. You will find the occasional sharpie who watches for the amber to come up on the adjacent set of lights. However, he will
15、not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights at all, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration. The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They demonstrate this in their addiction to driving in one
16、lane and sticking to iteven if it means settling behind some great truck for many miles. To prevent other drivers from falling into reckless ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front which can make it impossible, when all the vehicles are moving at about 55 mph, t
17、o make a real lane change. European visitors are constantly falling into this trap. They return to the Old World still flapping their arms in frustration because while driving in the State in their car they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city
18、. However, one nation above all others lives scrupulously by its traffic regulationsthe Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. What is more, the police would visit you;
19、 and you would be convicted. The Swiss take their rules of the road so seriously that a diver can be ordered to appear in court and charged for speeding on hearsay alone, and very likely found guilty. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is
20、 generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.（分数：20.00）(1).The fact that the Brazilians regard traffic lights as a kind of roadside decoration suggests that _.（分数：4.00）A.traffic lights are part of street sceneryB.they simply ignore traff
21、ic lightsC.they want to put them at roadsidesD.there are very few traffic lights(2).The phrase “anticipate the green light“ (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：4.00）A.wait for the green light to be onB.forbid others to move before the green lightC.move off before the green light is onD.
22、follow others when the green light is on(3).Which one is NOT similar to the meaning of “scrupulously“ (Line 1, Para. 5)?（分数：4.00）A.Carefully.B.Seriously.C.Cautiously.D.Casually.(4).What would an American do, if he is driving behind another in one lane?（分数：4.00）A.He stops the car.B.He tries to pass t
23、he truck.C.He follows it.D.He turns back.(5).Why does the author take Swiss as an example?（分数：4.00）A.To show Swiss“s advance in traffic control.B.To prove Swiss drivers are more disciplined.C.To explain drivers are variable.D.To give the solution of traffic accidence.In the world of entertainment, T
24、V talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer
25、 and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk (废话)“. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different lev
26、el. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society“s moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境) of other people“s lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite directio
27、n. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual“s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. J
28、erry ends every show with a “final word“. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show“s main target audience is middle-class Americans
29、. Most of these people have the time, money and stability to deal with life“s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18-to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. T
30、hey are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show“s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large gro
31、ups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.（分数：20.00）(1).Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _.（分数：4.00）A.remain fascinated by themB.are ready to face up to themC.remain indifferent to themD.are willing to
32、 get involved in them(2).Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?（分数：4.00）A.A new type of robot.B.Racist hatred.C.Family budget planning,D.Street violence.(3).Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both _.（分数：4.00）A.ironicalB.sensitiveC.instructiv
33、eD.cynical(4).We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows _.（分数：4.00）A.have monopolized the talk show circuitB.exploit the weaknesses in human natureC.appear at different times of the dayD.are targeted at different audiences(5).Which one will most possibly watch Jerry Springer“s talk show?
34、（分数：4.00）A.Governor.B.Professional manager.C.Housewife.D.Senior high school student.To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored wh
35、ile he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.“ Look at it from the child“s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he l
36、acks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediat
37、e goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the des
38、ire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the suppor
39、t of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil want
40、s to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models ov
41、er a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.（分数：20.00）(1).For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is _.（分数：4.00）A.the need to find an authorityB.the need to find a way to
42、 achieve the desired resultC.the need for more affection from his parentsD.the desire to meet the standards of his social group(2).Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to _.（分数：4.00）A.behave properlyB.attain his goal as soon as possibleC.show his affection for his pare
43、ntsD.talk quietly(3).If children want to get support from others, what should he not do?（分数：4.00）A.Taking responsibility.B.Respect to social rules.C.Be cooperative to parents.D.Rebellious and obstinate.(4).Children tend to imitate their models _.（分数：4.00）A.who do not criticize themB.who bring them u
44、nexpected rewardsC.whom they want to be likeD.whose social status is high(5).“An identifying figure“ (Line 2, Para. 5) refers to a person _.（分数：4.00）A.who serves as a model for othersB.who is always successfulC.who can be depended uponD.who has been rewarded for his success“In every known human soci
45、ety, the male“s need for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies men“s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women f
46、rom entering some field or performing some feat.“ This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished. If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete
47、. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and someti
48、mes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women“s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world. There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men“s status. In the first place,
49、 there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel. Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who are working, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviors: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities. Everyone
