1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and 1 itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 2 mood to
2、 a better relationship, can be the result of the 3 act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you aren“t feeling happy, smile can help 4 your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 5 expressions can influence our 6 experi
3、ence, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 7 Darwin“s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually 8 your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 9 heart rate
4、after stressful events. So, 10 smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add 11 years to your life. People who smile more tend to be more 12 , joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more s
5、uccessful 13 . An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the 14 likely divorce was later in life. 15 , those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa s
6、aid “Every time you smile at someone, it is . a 16 to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study 17 by Hewlett Packard found that seeing another“s smile stimulated the heart and 18 more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true 19 viewing the smile of a c
7、hild. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to 20 when someone else is smil
8、ing.（分数：10.00）A.onB.withC.byD.ofA.impressedB.improvedC.importantD.imposedA.pureB.easyC.simpleD.briefA.sackB.shiftC.slipD.switchA.facialB.superficialC.externalD.innerA.inwardB.outwardC.emotionalD.explicitA.formalizedB.declaredC.implementedD.validatedA.executeB.expandC.examineD.expectA.acceleratingB.d
9、ecreasingC.facilitatingD.increasingA.leadingB.addingC.contributingD.resortingA.a littleB.littleC.fewD.a fewA.optimisticB.dispassionateC.severeD.cautiousA.careerB.lifespanC.marriageD.friendshipA.moreB.worseC.lessD.betterA.ConsequentlyB.MoreoverC.ConverselyD.OtherwiseA.giftB.regardC.wishD.graceA.disco
10、veredB.convertedC.preparedD.conductedA.stomachB.brainC.mindsetD.desireA.yetB.whenC.thoughD.unlessA.sneerB.blinkC.frownD.breathe二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Project gold“ and “Project Nexus“ sound like plans for bank robberies or military attacks.
11、 In reality, they are the names for KPMG“s ongoing attempt to squeeze its 6,700 London employees into ever smaller spaces. Since 2006 the professional-services firm has reduced the number of offices it uses in London from seven to two. By the spring of 2015 everybody will be crammed into one buildin
12、g in CanaryWharf. Firms have long known that only about half of all desks are in use at any moment, as employees work odd hours or disappear to meetings, but it was difficult to fill the spares. Better IT systems now mean that people need not be tied to a particular desk. They need not even be in th
13、e office at all: as cloud computing and virtual offices take off, more people are working from home or from other places, further reducing the need for desks. Aside from cheapness, there is a motive behind this squashing. Inspired by Silicon Valley, firms are trying to make their offices into “colla
14、borative spaces“, where people bump into each other and chat usefully. KPMG“s redesigned CanaryWharf offices will include lots of “breakout spaces“ where employees can relax, and quiet rooms where people can get away from hubbub, says Alastair Young, who is planning the move. He thinks this will bot
15、h improve productivity and save money. In this happy new world, offices are not just places to work but also a way of expressing corporate identity and a means of attracting and retaining staff. At the offices of Bain the crowds have also put pressure on the air-conditioning system.（分数：10.00）(1).It
16、can be known that “Project gold“ is a plan for _.（分数：2.00）A.bank robberiesB.military attacksC.squeezing employeesD.squeezing working spaces(2).Better IT systems mean that workers _.（分数：2.00）A.are tied to a particular deskB.are in the office all the dayC.can work at homeD.need more desks(3).All of th
17、e following are forms of new offices behind the squashing EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.noisy spacesB.collaborative spacesC.breakout spacesD.quiet rooms(4).Office in this happy new world is _.（分数：2.00）A.just a place to workB.a place to attract new workersC.a place with little corporate identityD.a place to in
18、crease pressure(5).The examples of Broadcasting House and KPMG are used to explain that _.（分数：2.00）A.morning scrambles are in all the placesB.all the offices need to be redesignedC.not everyone is satisfied with the increasing cramped hot desksD.companies need to reduce the number of employees五、Text
19、 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Women are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our children“s needs and intuitive of our partners“ intentions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at
20、 articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others. These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have socia
21、l implications. Women“s emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear being called hysterical. The pharmaceutical industry p
22、lays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended. Sales of an tidepressants and antianxiety meds have
23、been booming in the past two decades, and they“ve recently been outpaced by an antipsychotic, Abilify, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones. At least one in four women in America now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. W
24、omen are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they aren“t necessary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is c
25、reating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism. Obviously, there are situations where psychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely i
26、ll people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who don“t really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social
27、primates.（分数：10.00）(1).Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men in that women _.（分数：2.00）A.are born to be sensitive to environmentsB.have more brain“s capacity for expressing functionsC.have the basic skills to surviveD.are more sensitive to language(2).The phrase “mesh with“ (Pa
28、ra.2) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.agree withC.cater forD.deal with(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage of women“s fear.B.Nowadays, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.C.Sales of antidepress
29、ants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.D.Abilify is the best-selling drug in the United States.(4).According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors in other fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.B.More and more Am
30、ericans are taking psychiatric medications.C.This drugs greatly improve women“s lives.D.Women are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.psychiatric medications are not importantB.many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychi
31、atric medicationsC.many people need psychiatric medications for excitementD.human beings need some outdoor and social activities六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performance. This debate swing
32、s back and forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hintsmore tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their bestat where the research will go next. The value-of-practice debate has reach
33、ed a stalemate. In a landmark 1993 study of musicians, a research team led by K. Anders Ericsson found that practice time explained almost all the difference (about 80 percent) between elite performers and committed amateurs. The finding rippled quickly through the popular culture, perhaps most visi
34、bly as the apparent inspiration for the “10,000-hour rule“ in Malcolm Gladwell“s best-selling “Outliers“a rough average of the amount of practice time required for expert performance. The new paper, the most comprehensive review of relevant research to date, comes to a different conclusion. Compilin
35、g results from 88 studies across a wide range of skills, it estimates that practice time explains about 20 percent to 25 percent of the difference in performance in music, sports and games like chess. In academics, the number is much lower4 percentin part because it“s hard to assess the effect of pr
36、evious knowledge, the authors wrote. One of those people, Dr. Ericsson, had by last week already written his critique of the new review. He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities, including playing music or sports for fun or playing in a
37、 group. But his own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice: one-on-one lessons in which an instructor pushes a student continually, gives immediate feedback and focuses on weak spots. “If you throw all these kinds of practice into one big soup, of course you are going to reduce the eff
38、ect of deliberate practice,“ he said in a telephone interview. Zach Hambrick, a co-author of the paper of the journal Psychological Science, said that using Dr. Ericsson“s definition of practice would not change the results much, if at all, and partisans on both sides have staked out positions. Like
39、 most branches of the nature-nurture debate, this one has produced multiple camps, whose estimates of the effects of practice vary by as much as 50 percentage points.（分数：10.00）(1).The paper published in Psychological Science introduces _.（分数：2.00）A.why the debate swings back and forth for a long tim
40、eB.what the current situation of the discussion isC.where the people who just want to do their best are standingD.what the significance of the debate is(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.There is a new move in the value-of-practice debate.B.The difference between
41、 elite performers and committed amateurs has nothing to do with practice time.C.Malcolm Gladwell is enlightened by the finding of K. Anders Ericsson.D.Everyone can become an expert by 10,000-hour practise.(3).The practice time accounts for lower percent in academical performance partly because _.（分数
42、：2.00）A.the new paper makes the most comprehensive reviewB.the new paper includes 88 studies across a wide range of skillsC.it“s difficult to predict the effect of the practice timeD.it“s difficult to evaluate the effect of existing knowledge(4).In his critique of the new review, Dr. Ericsson notes
43、that _.（分数：2.00）A.the definition of practice used in the paper contains various related activitiesB.the study focuses on the definition of practiceC.the instructor should give immediate feedback to studentsD.the mistake of the study is obvious(5).What is the author“s attitude towards the practice-na
44、ture debate?（分数：2.00）A.Disinterested.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Unconcerned.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that
45、you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if y
46、ou are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses“ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He see
47、s wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table
48、 by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that“s God,“ came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he“s a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it“ll be ap
49、propriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman“s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn“t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you
