1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-16 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：2，分数：40.00)You“re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let“s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree
2、. Isn“t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma “represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, fo
3、r personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitfu
4、l claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors“; another refers t
5、o them as “special cases“. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people“. To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended“ or “were associated with“ a college or university. After carefully checkin
6、g, a personnel officer may discover that “attending“ means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with“ a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates bac
7、k at least to the turn of the centurythat“s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don“t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any numbe
8、r of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University“. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue“. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem
9、rather high for one sheet of paper.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, “special eases“ refers to cases that _.（分数：4.00）A.students attend a school only part-timeB.students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC.students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD.students att
10、ended a famous school(2).We can infer from the passage that _.（分数：4.00）A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB.experience is the best teacherC.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD.a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain a
11、dvantage over others in job competition(3).This passage implies that _.（分数：4.00）A.buying a false degree is not moralB.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD.society should be greatly responsible for ly
12、ing on applications(4).The word “phony“ (Para. 2, last line) means _.（分数：4.00）A.thoroughB.ultimateC.falseD.decisive(5).The main idea of the passage is that _.（分数：4.00）A.employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB.lying about college degrees has become a widespread nowC.college degrees can
13、 now be purchased easilyD.employers are no longer interested in college degreesProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are mor
14、e people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent
15、 on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have a
16、nother child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.
17、Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless
18、they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for
19、at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although
20、 some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.（分数：20.00）(1).What was the cause to the population growth acco
21、rding to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Increase of birth rate.B.Advance in medical care.C.Well-administered social welfare.D.The decrease of death rate.(2).It can be learned from the passage that in hunting and gathering societies _.（分数：4.00）A.the survival of infants was less important than that of their p
22、arents in hard timesB.old and sick people are cared for at home until they diedC.people are required to retire at a certain ageD.old people have the task to pass down cultural tradition(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?（
23、分数：4.00）A.Many of them have a very hard life.B.A minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after retirement.C.They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D.Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refer
24、s to _.（分数：4.00）A.the need to prolong the lives of old peopleB.the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleC.the need to build profit-making nursing homesD.the need to take care of sick and weak people(5).What is the author“s attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?（分数：4.00
25、）A.Suspicious.B.Optimistic.C.Neutral.D.Critical.三、Part B(总题数：3，分数：60.00)Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column.
26、The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have
27、 more than doubled in the past two years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004. These food-price increases combing with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the prot
28、est riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we“ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally. The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers
29、 in the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the misguided policy in the U. S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts
30、in Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking the hardest blow. So, what shoul
31、d be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-y
32、ield seeds. Malawi“s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is controlling
33、those diseases. Second, the U. S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels. The U. S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for bi
34、ofuels produced on lands that do not produce foodstree crops (like palm oil), grasses and wood productsbut there“s no case for doling out subsidies to put the world“s dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world“s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poo
35、r farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pondwhich collects rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spellcan make the difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof
36、 vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet upon the promise. A. poor countries. B. all the world. C. the Climate Adaptation Fund. D. the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. E. Bangladesh. F. Malawi. G. the U.S. and Europe.（分数：20.00）(1).Anti-hunger campa
37、igns are successful in（分数：4.00）(2).Production of biofuels are subsidized in（分数：4.00）(3).Protest riots occurred in（分数：4.00）(4).The efforts were not so successful with（分数：4.00）(5).Food shortage becomes more serious in（分数：4.00）Directions: Read the following text and answer questions by finding a subtit
38、le for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. A. Follow on Lines B. Whisper: Keep It to Yourself C. Word of Experience: Stick to It D. Code of Success. Freed and Targeted E. Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers F. Recipe: Simplicity Means Everythin
39、g G. Efficiency Comes from Orders Every decade has its defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. These days we“re worried about something much simpler: Getting Things Done. 6 That“s the ti
40、tle of productivity guru David Allen“s pithy 2001 treatise on working efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade“s overworked, overwhelmed, over-teched workplace. Allen hasn“t just sold 500,000 copies of his book. He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywher
41、e from Sony and Novartis to the World Bank and the U.S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with information overload. He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $ 6,000 private session in which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And he has w
42、on the devotions of acolytes who document on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTO) program has changed their lives. 7 Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind, and productivity will follow. Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and
43、you won“t be bothered by all those loose threads pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you“ve catalogued everything you have to do and all your long-term goals, Allen says, you“re less likely to wake up at 3 a. m. worry
44、ing about whether you“ve forgotten something: “Most people haven“t realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and each of them has potential meaning.“ 8 When e-mails, phones calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. You will fin
45、ally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all the things you“ve got to do. Allen himself, despite running a $ 5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and juggling a business that“s growing 40% every years, finds time
46、to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. Oh, and he had earned his black belt in karate. 9 Few companies have embraced Allen“s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. Allen began at the company with a couple of private coachin
47、g sessions for top executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. The company has already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and plans to expand it company wide. “Fads come and go,“ says Kevin Wilde, General Mills
48、“ CEO, “but this continues to work.“ 10 The most fevered followers of Allen“s organizational methodology gather online. Websites like gtdindex, marvelz, corn parse Allen“s every utterance. The 43 Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on what
49、sthenextaction, com gather best practice techniques for implementing the book“s ideas. More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen“s system.（分数：20.00）Directions: Read the following text and answer questions by deciding each of the statements after the text is True or False. Choose T if the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. A Tree Project Helps the Genes of Champions Live onAs an eagle wheels overhead against a crystalline blue sky, Martin Flanagan walks toward a grove of towering cottonwood trees beside
