1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-14 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions:(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip
2、for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto was “Start small, think big, an
3、d have fun“,“ says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.“ Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services
4、on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it use
5、s to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing. This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrierwhat Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls
6、“the double coincidence of wants.“ That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency. Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered“ because ma
7、ny media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don“t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges. Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade“ trading partners for honesty quality
8、and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or non-tradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will
9、deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.“ For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.（分数：20.00）(1).The word “techies“ (Line 5, Para. 1) probably refers to those who are _.（分数：4.00）A.afraid of technology
10、B.skilled in technologyC.ignorant of technologyD.incompetent in technology(2).Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they _.（分数：4.00）A.were impressed by his creativityB.were eager to identify with his mottoC.liked his goal announced in advanceD.hoped to prove the power of the Internet
11、(3).The Internet barter system relies heavily on _.（分数：4.00）A.the size of barter sitesB.the use of virtual currencyC.the quality of goods or servicesD.the location of trading companies(4).It is implies that Internet advertisements can help _.（分数：4.00）A.companies make more profitB.companies do formal
12、 exchangesC.media register in statisticsD.media grade barter sites(5).Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?（分数：4.00）A.It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B.It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C.It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exch
13、ange.D.It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.People talked about a promising idea: using the electrical wiring already in the house to move data from room to room. One early application, the X10 system for controlling lights and appliances, didn“t always work welL The techno
14、logy was certainly not ready to be used to bring web pages to computers anywhere in the house. Along came the wireless network. For $ 50, you could get the Ethernet sprayed across the house and never be confined by a cord to the wall. It was slow in those early days, very unreliable, and open to int
15、erruption if you couldn“t bother with setting up the encoded passwords. But it caught on. According to estimates made by Parks Associates, a market research firm based in Dallas, about 12.5 million homes now have wireless networks; another 10 million homes, mostly newer ones, have Ethernet. Cheap an
16、d prevalent is a hard combination to beat. However, technology companies continued to work on the idea. A version for power lines called Home Plug came out in 2002, and while it hardly affected sales of wireless network equipment, it sold enough that major companies like Intel, Cisco Sony, Sharp and
17、 Comcast created the Home Plug Alliance to push for next-generation products, with the first to come out later this year. Some companies are not waiting. Panasonic, Netgear, Maranta are already offering products that will move data through home electrical lines faster than routers using the current
18、Wi-Fi standard for wireless networking. Panasonic started selling its HD-PLC Ethernet adapters for power lines last month. One adapter is attached to a router with a short Ethernet cable and plugged into a nearby wall socket. The second device is plugged into a socket elsewhere in the house. When a
19、computer is linked to it with an Ethernet cable, data is transmitted through the home“s electrical wiring at speeds of up to 190 megabits a second. Netgear will be selling a similar system next month for about $ 300. It moves data at a slightly faster rate. Marantz says its ZR6001SP receiver will se
20、nd music to special speakers in another room over power lines. The system includes both devices. The music listener controls the receiver and the CD players connected to it form a control pad on the speakers. These products seem hopeless candidates. Who would like to pay two or three times expensive
21、 than wireless network? The answer lies in simplicity. “It“s why most people need us,“ Robert said, noting the complexity of installing wireless network is evident by the fact that return rates on wireless networking devices drop to nearly zero. The three products“ makers said that people who cannot
22、 get whole-house coverage with a wireless system or those plagued by dead zones might find it appealing.（分数：20.00）(1).The phrase “catch on“ (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means _.（分数：4.00）A.interfereB.prevailC.perceiveD.continue(2).What“s the feature of Home Plug?（分数：4.00）A.Fast and expensive.B.Sim
23、ple and cheap.C.Inexpensive and popular.D.Convenient and safe.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the new products of Panasonic, Netgear and Marantz _.（分数：4.00）A.can directly move data by home electrical wiringB.are adapters or a similar system to transfer dataC.provide the present Wi-Fi cr
24、iteria for wireless networkingD.were produced for home electrical lines last month(4).According to the passage, wireless network has an advantage over the three products mentioned in _.（分数：4.00）A.simplicityB.speedC.safetyD.price(5).Who will probably most welcome the three products?（分数：4.00）A.People
25、whose house has no space for wireless system.B.People whose house cannot receive images, sounds or messages.C.People who have no extra money to afford wireless system.D.People who prefer to do things in a simpler way.Americans live in a style-conscious culture even elementary school children know th
26、e difference between Air Jordans and the cheaper imitations. By the time they enter junior high school, most American adolescents are already highly skilled at distinguishing between brand names. The real lesson young Americans learn is that they live in a world where it matters what brand of clothe
27、s or furniture or car they buy. It matters what style of music they listen to, how they wear their hair, whether they“re tattooed or pierced, and what kind of food they like to eat. Even everyday useobjects from staplers to tooth brushes to laptop computers matter too. In many ways, it seems that su
28、ch a concern for personal style and the appearance of objects is shallow and trivial. After all, what does it really matter whether or not someone“s clothes or music or computer is at the cutting edge of style? Why should anyone care? One reason is that style is a guide to economic and social class
29、in America Style identities. Whether consciously or unconsciously, we make judgments about people based on their appearance and their style. Simply by growing up in American culture, we acquire a sense of the style appropriate to different walks of lifehow, for example, a high school teacher, a busi
30、ness executive, a truck driver, or a rock star ought to look. Style communicates messages about economic and social class precisely because we share with others cultural codes that define what“s normal and expected. For example, we expect wealthy professionals in metropolitan areas to be museum memb
31、ers, go to the opera, and enjoy gourmet food and fine wine. On the other hand, we are likely to expect that working-class men in the Midwest drink beer, listen to classic rock, and support their local pro-football team. This doesn“t mean that everyone in a particular social group conforms to these c
32、ultural codes. What it does indicate, however, is that style carries cultural meanings that go far beyond individual likes and dislikes. Style, in other words, is linked tc the way of life that identifies groups of people, cultures, and subcultures. If the styles we adopt seem to be freely taken per
33、sonal choices, they are contained nonetheless in a larger system of cultural codes that organize the way we think about identity, social status, prestige, good (and bad) taste, tradition, and innovation. Fashion designers, graphic designers, and product designers understand this intimate connection
34、between style and identity. They design everything from corporate logos and brand trademarks to the latest style of jeans and athletic shoes to computers and cars. Their job is to match styles to people“s identities and, at the same time, to create styles that offer people new identities.（分数：20.00）(
35、1).Why should young Americans learn to distinguish between brand names?（分数：4.00）A.The differences of various brands make a difference in their life.B.It“s the result of manufacturers“ marketing and promotion.C.Consumerism is prevalent in America.D.Brand names send message of the owner“s identity.(2)
36、.Which of the following is NOT true, according to the author?（分数：4.00）A.People in a particular social group should conform to the group“s shared value system.B.Style carries deeper meanings than personal likes and dislikes.C.Style is contained in the larger system of culture.D.Most people don“t make
37、 judgments about someone just based on his appearance and style.(3).One“s style sends out message about his economic and social status because _.（分数：4.00）A.we live in a society where the richer a person is, the more expensive clothing he will chooseB.we are consciously or subconsciously influenced b
38、y cultural codes which can connect a style with certain status in the societyC.we share with others a common traditionD.we all have some stereotypes about social classes(4).A fashion designer who _ is a bad one.（分数：4.00）A.matches styles to people“s identityB.makes innovation and creates stylesC.unde
39、rstands the connection between style and identityD.disregards customer“s identity(5).What can we infer from the passage?（分数：4.00）A.When they are junior high school student, all of them can distinguish between brand names.B.The young Americans who pursue personal style are shallow.C.Style reflects th
40、e culture of a country.D.The designers produce everything according to what they like.Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling“ study published by Consumers International Friday. Among the report“s m
41、ore outrageous findingsa German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly“, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting“ and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier“. The study was written and researched by Britain“s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group C
42、onsumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission. “While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,“ said Consu
43、mers International director Anna Fielder. The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average. The report focused on claims made by s
44、pecific products, such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It diet not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999. Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,0
45、00 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards. “Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,“ said report researcher Philip Page. “Laundry detergents made the most number of clai
46、ms with 158 household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.“ he said. The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product pac
47、kaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly“ and “non-polluting“ cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.“ said Page.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that _.（分数：4.00）A.all
48、the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB.the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingC.consumers would believe many of the manufactures“ claimsD.few products actually prove to be environment friendly(2).As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers _.（
49、分数：4.00）A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment(3).What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?（分数：4.00）A.They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.B.Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.C.They could arouse w
