1、MBA 联考逻辑-68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There (1) not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To read carefully, you have to (2) your reading speed and technique (3) your aim (4) reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick an
2、d efficient reading.When skimming, you (5) the reading (6) quickly in order to get the (7) of it, to know how it is organized, (8) an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is (9) an activity which (10) an overall view of the text and (11) a definite reading competence.Skimming do
3、esnt need reading all the material, but it doesnt mean that it is an (12) skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and concentration.When you read, you usually start with (13) understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14
4、) is also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15) the major ideas and concepts.In order to be able to skim quickly and (16) through a text, you should know where to look for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadi
5、ngs, and the summary, if one is provided. (17) this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appropriate speed (18) you read.The same procedure (19) for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This i
6、s done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences.In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20) practice is necessary.（分数：10.00）(1).A is B are C was D were（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A adapt B adopt C change D adept（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A on B about C for D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4
7、).A on B while C as D at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A run through B run over C go on D go through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A substance B resource C source D material（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A fist B hist C gist D list（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A getting B to get C got D have got（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A however B neverthele
8、ss C therefore D thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A requires B requests C requites D requisite（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A implies B applies C hints D points（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A awful B unsuitable C ideal D wrong（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A global B universal C unilateral D partial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A reading
9、B understanding C working D skimming（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A reverse B review C revise D revert（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A efficiently B effectively C affectively D effectually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A When B As C After D Before（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A which B that C at which D at that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).
10、A using B used C use D be used（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A a number of B an amount of C many D a few（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A child may lean against a doorpost with his or her arms folded. To the onlooker, it may look like a benig
11、n posturehowever, there may be a victimized child who understands that this is the bullys “shorthand“ code of conveying the message: “Hand me your lunch as you walk by me, or else.“Bullying may be expressed in many forms. Boys are generally targeted more than girls. Boys tend to use physical aggress
12、ion when they bully .by hitting, kicking, and fighting. Girls, on the other hand, more often use exclusionary techniques to bullya form of aggression often referred to as relational aggression. Girls often start rumors, form cliques to keep certain people out, and ignore other children in attempts t
13、o show dominance over another child.Many children who are victimized fit into one of two types: the passive victim, and the provocative victim. While people often feel bad about passive victims, provocative victims often elicit less compassion from others. Sometimes it appears that the provocative v
14、ictim has “brought on“ his or her own fatebut does any child deserve to be the target of repeated physical or verbal aggression? Why might so-called provocative victims actively participate in being the target of bullying: For example, are their provocative gestures simply a clumsy way of attempting
15、 to interact with others? One feels compassion for the inhibited child because he is reserved; a social misfortune in our society, but an aggressive child is given none of this.The dynamics of the bully/victim relationship need to be understood in a larger context (Pepler, Craig 24 states ban the ma
16、rriage of first cousins: five others allow it only if the couple is unable to bear children. A major reason for this ban is the belief that kids of first cousins are tragically susceptible to serious congenital illnesses.That view may have to change. A comprehensive study published recently in the J
17、ournal of Genetic Counseling indicates such children run an only slightly higher risk of significant genetic disorders like congenital heart defects about two percentage points above the average 3% to 4%. Says the studys lead author, Robin Bennett, president-elect of the National Society of Genetic
18、Counselors, which funded the study: “Aside from a thorough medical family history, there is no need to offer any genetic testing on the basis of consanguinity alone”.Publication of the study will do more than tweak public awareness; it will enlighten doctors who have urged cousin couples not to have
19、 children. “Just this week,” says Bennett, “I saw a 23-year-old woman who had had a tubal ligation because her parents were cousins and her doctor told her she shouldnt have children.”The American proscription against cousin marriages grew in the 19th century as wilderness settlers tried to distingu
20、ish themselves from the “savage” Indians, says Martin, author of the book Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage. “The truth is that Europeans were marrying their cousins and Native Americans were not.”And doesnt God have stern words on the subject? Christie Smith, 37, a Nevada wr
21、iter, says she felt guilty when she fell in love with her first cousins son Mark. “I was trying so hard to convince myself not to have these feelings,” she recalls, “that I went to the Bible looking for confirmation that it was wrong. And what I found was the exact opposite: support for cousin marri
22、ages.” The patriarch Jacob married two of his first cousins, Rachel and Leah. Smith married Mark in 1999.The medical ban is lifted; the social stain may take longer to disappear.（分数：10.00）(1).It is suggested in Paragraph 1 and 2 that the cousin marriageA resembles incest in nature.B puts cousin coup
23、les to shame.C always causes serious genetic disorders.D is a common phenomenon across the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the study published in the Journal of Genetic Counseling?A It suggests kids of first cousins suffer from heart defects.B It was funded by its lead a
24、uthor Robin Bennett.C It will change peoples opinion of cousin marriages.D It has lifted the medical ban and removed the social stain.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “consanguinity” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning toA cousin. B kinship. C congenital. D genetic disorders.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Wh
25、y did Christie Smith resort to the Bible?A Because God has stern words on cousin marriages.B Because the Bible supports cousin marriages.C Because she felt guilty falling in love with her cousins son.D Because she wanted to know Gods words on cousin marriages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred
26、from the last paragraph thatA the ban on cousin marriages is lifted.B cousin marriages are permitted again.C the prejudice against cousin marriages dies hard.D cousin marriages may not be as bad as people think.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ask any employee at an level in any company what
27、 they dislike about their job and somewhere on the list you will find a complaint about the system of performance appraisals. It does seem strange that an idea which was supposed to benefit both individuals and the company should be so universally disliked, but the staff appraisal is now one of the
28、biggest causes of dissatisfaction at work. In the United States there have even been cases of unhappy workers taking their employers to court over appraisal interviews. It is in a companys interest to combat this situation, but, before reversing the appraisals negative associations, an organization
29、needs to pinpoint the underlying reasons which have contributed to them.Problems with appraisals can fall into two main areas-those arising from the scheme itself and those arising from the implementation and understanding of that scheme. Naturally it is easier to tackle those in the former category
30、; indeed, some companies have developed schemes following legal guidelines. These guidelines suggest that a successful scheme should have a clear appeal process, that any negative feedback should be accompanied by “evidence“ such as dates, times and outcomes and that, most importantly, ratings shoul
31、d reflect specific measurable elements of the job requirements.It is not always necessary to resort to legal advice however. Some changes to current schemes are simply a matter of logic. For instance, if employees are constantly encouraged to work in teams and to assume joint responsibility for thei
32、r successes and failures, it makes little sense for the appraisals to focus on individuals, as this may lead to resentments and create divisions within the group. It is possible, and in some cases more suitable, to arrange appraisals where performance is rated for the group.Staff also need to be edu
33、cated about the best way to approach appraisals. Managers often find that they are uncomfortable being asked to take on a more supportive role than they are used to without having had any training. Those being appraised may see it as a chance to air their grievances and highlight the companys failin
34、gs rather than consider their own role. Both parties view the process as a necessary evil, to be gone through once or twice a year, and then forgotten about. The importance given to the appraisal stems from the fact that, despite all the talk of the interview being a chance for management and employ
35、ees to come together and exchange ideas, set joint targets and improve the way decisions are reached, the reality is that they are often nothing more than the pretext on which pay rises are given, or not given. Pay is, of course, a subject that always leads to problems.Given the problems associated
36、with staff appraisals, why is it that, with no legal requirement, companies continue to run them? The answer is simple, it is impossible to manage something you know nothing about. As any Human Resources manager can tell you, the best way to learn about someone is to talk to them. Effective people m
37、anagement relies on knowledge and appraisals are still the best way to build up that bank of knowledge.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are there so many problems with appraisals?A People think that there are too many categories.B People are not sure how the system works.C People think that the feedback is too neg
38、ative.D People are not happy with the legal aspects.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Individual appraisals are not always very effective because_.A teams much prefer to be awarded a group ratingB everybody works in teams these daysC team members share liability for resultsD team leaders sense resentment between
39、 members（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What do senior staff find difficult about doing appraisals?A Relating to their staff in a different manner than usual.B Having to listen to staff complaining about the company.C Managing to find time to attend proper training sessions.D Knowing the best way to educate st
40、aff about their role.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In an ideal world an appraisal is an opportunity to_.A improve your salaryB moan about the bossC discuss and agree goalsD meet every six months（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).How are personal appraisals important for companies?A They help HR managers to talk to staff.B
41、 They provide the best way to build new targets.C They help the company meet legal requirements.D They provide valuable information to the employer.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwav
42、es. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage acros
43、s the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households.The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-
44、person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal ritual to a luxury for the educated and affluent.There barely was a marriage gap in 196
45、0: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates(76 versus 72). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre.“Marriage has become much more selective, and thats why the divorce rate has come down,“ said Bradford
46、Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.Americans with a high-school degree or less tell researchers they
47、would like to marry, but do not believe they can afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6 of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44 of babies born to mothers whose education ended w
48、ith high school.“Less marriage means less income and more poverty,“ reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in America to changes in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those w
49、ith a high-school degree or less) are getting poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. “This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public,“ she says.Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next years elections.
