1、MBA 联考英语-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be (1) on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is le
2、ss than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2) it is not far off that of Latvia-one of the ten new members which (3) on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4) of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5) talks with the EU that could make them
3、 full members on January 1st 2007.(6) , the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7) of growth that no EU country comes close to (8) . Turke
4、ys (9) rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10) agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help Turkey (11) inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience.Resilience has not h
5、istorically been the countrys economic strong point. (12) , throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13) a violent heart attack. This (14) has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such
6、 investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15) have scarcely ever reached $1 billion.One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16) on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six ze
7、ros will be removed from the face value of the lira (里拉，土耳其货币单位);one unit of the local (17) will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now-ie, about 0.53 (0.53 欧元). Goods will have to be (18) in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19) foreign bankers and (20) can begin to look for
8、ward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.（分数：10.00）(1).A decided B voted C elected D appointed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A But B So C Though D While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A presented B attended C joined D participated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A
9、 that B which C those D these（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A application B accession C reception D negotiation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Unfortunately B However C Therefore D Furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A ratio B rate C rhythm D rhyme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A approaching B surpassing C matching D succeeding（分数：
10、0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A inflation B interest C investment D tariff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A claimed B reached C concluded D achieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A reduce B drop C shrink D descend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Instead B Indeed C Accordingly D Surprisingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A manifesting B accounting C
11、 recording D photocopying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A mobility B flexibility C stability D irregularity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A inflows B imports C exports D outputs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A revive B remain C disappear D discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A current B currency C stock D share（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18
12、).A priced B labeled C claimed D exchanged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A though B but C for D since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A merchants B travelers C investors D executives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Friday marks the 40th anniversary of on
13、e of the biggest, most expensive, most destructive social policy experiments in American history: The war on drugs. On the morning of June 17, 1971, President Richard Nixon, speaking from the Briefing Room of the White House, declared: “Americas public enemy No. 1 in the United States is drug abuse.
14、 In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive. I have asked the Congress to provide the legislative authority and the funds to fuel this kind of an offensive. This will be a worldwide offensive dealing with the problems of sources of supply, as well as Am
15、ericans who may be stationed abroad, wherever they are in the world. “So began a war that has waxed and waned, ,sputtered and sprinted, until it became an unmitigated disaster, an abomination of justice and a self-perpetuating, trillion-dollar economy of wasted human capital, ruined lives and decima
16、ted communities. Since 1971, more than 40 million arrests have been conducted for drug-related offenses. And no group has been more targeted and suffered more damage than the black community. As the American Civil Liberties Union pointed out last week, “The racial disparities are staggering: despite
17、 the fact that whites engage in drug offenses at a higher rate than African-Americans, African-Americans are incarcerated for drug offenses at a rate that is: 10 times greater than that of whites. “An effort meant to save us from a form of moral decay became its own insidious brand of moral perversi
18、on-turning people who should have been patients into prisoners, criminalizing victimless behavior, targeting those whose first offense was entering the world wrapped in the wrong skin. It feeds our overwhelming thirst for punishment.Last week, the Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, a 19
19、-member commission that included Kofi Annan, a former U. N. secretary general, declared that: “The global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world. Fifty years after the initiation of the U.N. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and 40 ye
20、ars after President Nixon launched the U. S. governments war on drugs, fundamental reforms in national and global drug control policies are urgently needed. “The White House immediately shot back: no dice. The Obama administration presented a collection of statistics that compared current drug use a
21、nd demand with the peak of the late 1970s, although a direct correlation between those declines and the drug war are highly debatable. In doing so, it completely sidestepped the human, economic and societal toll of the mass imprisonment of millions of Americans, many for simple possession.No need to
22、 put a human face on 40 years of folly when you can wrap up its inefficacy in a patchwork quilt of self-serving statistics.（分数：10.00）(1).When Richard Nixon spoke of waging an offensive, he meantA federal funds were needed to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.B drug abuse had become the most seriou
23、s problem in America.C the American government would defend its citizens against drug abuse.D the American government would launch an attack on drugs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the second paragraph we learn that the war on drugsA has failed to achieve its alleged objectives.B has turned out to be an
24、attack on innocent people.C has been wrongly targeted at the Black people.D has heightened the tension between ethnic groups.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Those “wrapped in the wrong skin“ (Para. 3) refer mainly toA African-Americans.B disguised drug-traffickers.C wrongly targeted victims.D occasional drug-t
25、akers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Kofi AnnanA proclaimed an end to the global war on drug trafficking.B called on the U.N. to reassess the consequences of the war on drugs.C accused President Nixon of mis-targeting his war on drugs.D called for a change in national and global drug-related policies.（分数：2.00
26、）A.B.C.D.(5).It is obvious that the Obama administrationA is sympathetic to the wrongly imprisoned victims.B is less tolerant of drug abuse than the Nixon administration.C is dissatisfied with Annans assessment of the situation.D has done better than the Nixon administration in the war on drugs.（分数：
27、2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas AM University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs
28、Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like
29、 what were attempting here at Texas AMto save animals from extinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks t
30、o reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an emb
31、ryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack
32、 of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at r
33、isk, so it is worth the effort , “adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas AM, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that
34、face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. /（分数：10.00）(1).The aim of “Noahs Ark“ project is to_.A. implant embryo into a host animalB. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC. save
35、 endangered animals from extinctionD. introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg ceils of a Japanese white rabbit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?A. 1 year. B. 3 to 5 years.C. 2 years. D. 25 years.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The w
36、ord “groundbreaking“(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as_.A. essentially new B. pioneeringC. evolutionary D. epoch-making（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?A. Lack of available panda eggs.B. Lack of host animals.C. Lack of qualified r
37、esearchers.D. Lack of funds.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage may be_.A. Chinathe Native Place of Pandas ForeverB. Chinas Efforts to Clone PandasC. Chinas First Cloned PandaD. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)During the past 15 years
38、, the most important component of executive pay packages, and the one most responsible for the large increase in the level of such compensation, has been stock-option grants. The increased use of option grants was justified as a way to align executives interests with shareholders. For various tax, a
39、ccounting, and regulatory reasons, stock-option grants have largely comprised “ at-the-money options“, rights to purchase shares at an “exercise price“ equal to the companys stock price on the grant date. In such at-the-money options, the selection of the grant date for awarding options determines t
40、he options exercise price and thus can have a significant effect on their value.Earlier research by financial economists on backdating practices focused on the extent to which the companys stock price went up abnormally after the grant date. My colleagues and I focused instead on how a grant-dates p
41、rice ranked in the distribution of stock prices during the month of the grant. Studying the universe of about 19,000 at-the-money, unscheduled grants awarded to public companies CEOs during the decade 1996-2005, we found a clear relation between the likelihood of a days being selected as a grant dat
42、e for awarding options, and the rank of the days stock price within the price distribution of the month: a day was most likely to be chosen if the stock price was at the lowest level of the month, second most likely to be chosen if the price was at the second-lowest level, and so forth. There is an
43、especially large incidence of “lucky grants“ ( defined as grants awarded on days on which the stock price was at the lowest level of the month) : 12 percent of all CEO option grants were lucky grants, while only 4 percent were awarded at the highest price of the month.The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxl
44、ey Act in August 2002 required firms to report grants within two days of any award. Most firms complied with this requirement, but more than 20 percent of grants continued to be reported after a long delay. Thus, the legislation could be expected to reduce but not eliminate backdating. The patterns
45、of CEO luck are consistent with this expectation: the percentage of grants that were lucky was a high 15 percent before enactment of the law, and declined to a lower, but still abnormally high, level of 8 percent afterwards.Altogether, we estimate that about 1,150 CEO stock-option grants owed their
46、financially advantageous status to opportunistic timing rather than to mere luck. This practice was spread over a significant number of CEOs and firms: we estimate that about 850 CEOs (about 10 percent) and about 720 firms (about 12 percent) received or provided such lucky grants. In addition, we es
47、timate that about 550 additional grants at the second-lowest or third-lowest price of the month owed their status to opportunistic timing.The cases that have come under scrutiny thus far have led to a widespread impression that opportunistic timing has been primarily concentrated in “ new economy“ f
48、irms. But while the frequency of lucky grants has been somewhat higher in such firms, more than 80 percent of the opportunistically timed grants have been awarded in other sectors. Indeed, there is a significantly higher-than-normal incidence of lucky grants in each of the economys 12 industries.（分数
49、：10.00）(1).According to the passage, more stock-options were granted to executives becauseA responsibilities increase very fast on the shoulders of the executives.B they account for a very important part in executives pay package.C shareowners intend to tie executives interests with their own.D shareholders expect executiv
