1、MBA 联考英语-31 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of a leader is to create (1) to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual under
2、standing.(2) a manager communicates mostly to (3) information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still (4) them cold. A leader (5) their hearts by combining his vision with their (6) in a common cause.Most Asian business leaders are ins
3、tinctively (7) relationship building (8) direct communications. But they dont use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is (9) , its not enough in todays big business.(10) their western (11) , they are not so much frightened by mass medias potential to magnify, distort, and expos
4、e. The problem lies more in the (12) of professional support (13) to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is (14) routine chores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wide audiences. The reason primarily that the (15) communications officers a
5、re placed quite low in the organizational hierarchy.Asias need for business leaders who are (16) in using mass media to involve the public (17) the economic development dream has never been greater. Television and the print media have an enormous (18) on the public perception of business. Our busine
6、ss leaders have not yet laced an unsympathetic press. They should start now (19) the day may not be too far away (20) they are suddenly forced to enter the perilous arena of public communications.（分数：10.00）(1).A. responsibility B. commitment C. commission D. dedication（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Since B
7、. When C. Because D. While（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. transport B. carry C. convey D. express（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. leaves B. keeps C. makes D. renders（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. moves B. touches C. stimulates D. loses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. aspirations B. inspirations C. perspiration D. persuasion（分数：0.50
8、）A.B.C.D.(7).A. good at B. poor in C. excel in D. indifferent to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. throughout B. through C. thereby D. during（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. vital B. utmost C. ultimate D. chief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Unlike B. Like C. As D. With（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. colleagues B. cooperators C. coo
9、rdinators D. counterparts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. abundance B. want C. need D. lack（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. available B. accessible C. disposable D. transferable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. resigned B. assigned C. awarded D. distributed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. cooperation B. corporate C. incorporate D.
10、commercial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. competitive B. competitors C. competing D. competent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. in B. into C. with D. within（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. affect B. impact C. impetus D. impulse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. now that B. unless C. though D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. whenever B. w
11、hichever C. when D. whatever（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult to measure in any objective way. The processes of business enta
12、il at least some effort to ensure the sympathetic enactment and enforcement of legislation, since costs and earnings are affected by tax rates and government regulations. Companies and business groups send agents to local and national capitals and use such vehicles as advertising to enlist support f
13、or policies that they favor. Although, in many countries, companies may not legally contribute directly to candidates running for public office, their executives and stockholders may do so as individuals, Companies may, however, make payments to influence peddlers and contribute to committees workin
14、g to pass or defeat legislative proposals. In practical terms, many lawmakers look upon companies as part of their constituency although, if their districts depend on local plants, these lawmakers may be concerned more with preserving jobs than with protecting company profits. In any case, limited-l
15、iability companies are central institutions in society; it would be unrealistic to expect them to remain aloof from the political process that affects their operations, performance, and principles.The decisions made by company managements have ramifications throughout society. In effect, companies c
16、an decide which parts of the country or even which parts of the world will prosper and which will decline by choosing where to locate their plants and other installations. The giant companies not only decide what to produce but also help to instill in their customers a desire for the amenities that
17、the companies make available. To the extent that large firms provide employment, their personnel requirements determine the curricula of schools and universities. For these reasons, individuals aspirations and dissatisfactions are likely to be influenced by large companies. This does not mean that l
18、arge business firms can influence the public in any way they choose; it is simply that they are the only institutions available to perform certain functions. Automobiles, typewriters, frozen food, and electric toasters must come from company auspices if they are to be provided at all. Understanding
19、this dependence as a given, companies tend to create an environment congenial to the conduct of their business.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which statement is true?A. The power of large companies is usually confined in the economic sphere.B. The operations of large companies are thoroughl
20、y controlled by government regulations.C. It is illegal for any large company to influence the enforcement of legislation.D. Large companies cannot be free from the influence of political processes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).All the following statements are true EXCEPT_.A. Lawmakers may pay more attention
21、 to preserving jobs than protecting company profits.B. Few decisions made by large companies have profound ramifications in society.C. Large companies cannot influence the public in any way they like.D. The operations of large companies ale inevitably affected by government policies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
22、.(3).It is implied in the passage that all the following are likely to be influenced by large companies, except_.A. the ambitions of studentsB. the dissatisfactions of the publicC. the number of schools and universities in a specific areaD. the curricula of schools and universities in a specific are
23、a（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The best title for this passage should be_.A. Company Management B. Limited liability CompaniesC. The Impact of the Large Company D. The Operations of Large Companies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “ramification“ (Line 1, Para. 2)most probably means_.A. requirements B. consequenc
24、e C. dissatisfactions D. sphere（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Text 2Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in
25、these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, negl
26、ect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appr
27、eciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the gre
28、atest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teac
29、h. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made“ in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost“ by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separa
30、te teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling t
31、o teach can be called “distinguished research investigators“ or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not unders
32、tand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B. Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C. R
33、esearch can never be emphasized too much.D. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because_.A. research improves the quality of teachingB. students who w
34、ant to he challenged appreciate research professorsC. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectivelyD. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree wit
35、h?A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.C. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.D. The rapid deve
36、lopment of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do_.A. teaching B. field workC. scientific research D. investigation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The phrase “the problem“ (Line 3
37、, Para. 5)refers to_.A. raising the status of teachingB. the combination of teaching with researchC. the separation of teaching from researchD. improving the status of research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Text 3Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of
38、prominent economists both conservative and liberal concluded that an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over
39、 the globe.The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit, otherwise they wouldnt trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because o
40、f the sale. Moreover, it doesnt matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong(or anywhere else).The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encoura
41、ges monopoly, lower quality and higher prices.Americans pay an enormous price for protectionism over $60 billion a year, or $1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient,
42、 by allowing nations to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and
43、purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. I
44、t taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionist to some degree. This is because free trade ben
45、efits the general public, while protectionism benefits special interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.（分数：10.00）(1).The economists_.A. agree
46、 on the restriction of internal tradeB. disagree whether to restrict free trade or notC. hold different arguments because of their different interestsD. agree on free trade（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the authors attitude toward protectionism denoted from the fifth paragraph?A. Ironic. B. Sincere. C
47、. Grateful. D. Appreciative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the free trade principle, the author suggests that_.A. Saudi Arabia build its own food industryB. Saudi Arabia import food from U.S.C. U.S. become self-sufficient with its oilD. U.S. explore its oil shale（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why has prote
48、ctionism always been exercised even if it is wasteful and unjust? Because _.A. it helps to establish national industry of ones ownB. it can achieve an independent economyC. it is favored by general publicD. it benefits some privileged few（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, which of tile f
49、ollowing is NOT true?A. International free trade may improve the standard of living all over the world.B. Economists are all in favor of the free trade policy.C. International free trade may create international competition.D. Protectionism has been abolished due to encouraging monopoly, lower quality and higher prices.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Text 4It is obvious that the old get sick more frequently and more severely than the young, and 86 percent have chronic health problems of varying degree. These health problems, while significant, a
