1、MBA 联考英语-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (1) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (2) for natural d
2、eficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (3) from physically superior (4) . But (5) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (6) tools to (7) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (8) spear or javelin
3、in order to shoot (9) and strike with greater strength.(10) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (11) tools became more (12) . A tool would (13) a function until it proved (14) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for i
4、nvention has always been the (15) for speed and high-quality resultsprovided they are achieved (16) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (17) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged sy
5、stematically evolved into the abacus. The (18) of this tool can be (19) to the development of commerce in the East around 3000 B.C. and the abacus is known (20) by the ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc（分数：10.00）A.imaginationB.creativityC.necessityD.illusionA.substituteB.compensateC.accoun
6、tD.qualifyA.their possessionsB.their childrenC.themselvesD.themA.enemiesB.neighborsC.disastersD.animalsA.entertainmentB.luxuryC.survivalD.adaptationA.ordinaryB.commonC.particularD.valuableA.tackleB.performC.operateD.facilitateA.desertedB.existingC.witheringD.outdatedA.farB.furtherC.fartherD.furthest
7、A.SinceB.IfC.Now thatD.AsA.as a resultB.for one reasonC.by no meansD.at any rateA.convenientB.sophisticatedC.elaborateD.comprehensiveA.serveB.actC.playD.commitA.inefficientB.effectiveC.adequateD.sufficientA.accessB.promotionC.remedyD.questA.withB.inC.forD.atA.butB.andC.whileD.thusA.originsB.devicesC
8、.sourcesD.evidencesA.trailedB.tracedC.trappedD.testedA.to be usedB.to have usedC.to have been usedD.to use二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneAnyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the “tigers“
9、of the Far East. Last year, the value of their currencies dropped rapidly, after investors decided that their economic policies were not strong enough; now the region is suffering slower growth, lower living standards and rising unemployment.The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from ind
10、ividual governments to the markets. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform to a global economic model or risk being penalized by the markets.Adjusting to this new “economic order“ is proving difficult. In the developed world, and in particu
11、lar the European Union, globalization is facing widespread public resistance. Critics complain that, without the protection of trade barriers, jobs are being lost to workers in poorer countries, and wages for employees in rich countries are falling. Opponents in the European Union point to the effec
12、ts that globalization has had in the U.S. and Britain. In those countries, wages are stagnantexcept for a few privileged-and taxes and welfare benefits have been reduced to help companies compete with industries in the developing world.Those in favor of globalization accuse their critics of being sh
13、ortsighted protectionists. They claim that a more integrated global economy will ultimately benefit everyone because it will enable countries to specialize in those areas where they perform best. Developing countries, with their higher populations and lower wages, will concentrate on labor-intensive
14、 industries. The richer countries, on the other hand, will diversify into high-tech industries, where high productivity and specialist knowledge are paramount. The effect of this will be to improve productivity in all countries, leading to higher living standards. The free movement of capital will a
15、lso help poorer countries develop so that they can play a full and active role in the world economy.But how close are we to a truly global economy? For those in favor of globalization, probably too close. But in terms of real economic integration, there are still many problems to be solved. A global
16、 economy would mean complete freedom of movement of goods and services, capital, and labor. Yet, even ignoring the tariffs and other restrictions still in place, cross-border trade remains tiny as compared with the volume of goods and services traded within countries; foreign investment is also extr
17、emely small, amounting to little more than five percent of the developed worlds domestic investments.But what is really holding globalization back is the lack of labor mobility. Labor markets remain overwhelmingly national even in areas like the European Union, where citizens can live and work in an
18、y EU country. The main reasons for this are language and cultural barriers; the lack of internationally recognized qualifications; and, in some cases, strict immigration controls.（分数：10.00）(1).The main reason why some Asian countries are suffering from economic depression is that they _.（分数：2.00）A.d
19、oubt that global financial markets will control national economiesB.fail to follow a global economic model adequatelyC.have set their own free economic policiesD.have their power interfere with the markets(2).The main opposition to globalization is that _.（分数：2.00）A.taxes and welfare in the develope
20、d countries are reduced without protection of trade barriersB.there are too great economic differences between rich and poor countriesC.globalization is beneficial to the developing countries onlyD.high productivity and specialist knowledge are not suitable to labor-intensive industries(3).What does
21、 the sentence “wages are stagnant“ (Paragraph 3) most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Wages stop rising.B.Wages are so high that there is no need to rise.C.There is a pause in wages, but they will soon rise.D.Wages begin to fall.(4).The word “paramount“ (Paragraph 4) may be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.vitalB.
22、more importantC.less importantD.similar(5).The author suggests in the passage that in order to realize a truly global economy, great efforts should be made in all the following aspects EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.elimination of language and cultural barriersB.permission of free labor mobilityC.increase in t
23、he volume of goods and services traded beyond borderD.reduction of tariffs and loosening of other restrictionsPassage TwoMale chauvinismthe attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of society and of mensets women apart from the rest of the working class. Even when they do the same w
24、ork as men, women are not considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide for their families or to support themselves independently. They are expected to accept work at lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a marginal or reserve labor force w
25、hen profits depend on extra low costs or when men are needed for war.Women are not supposed to be independent, so they are not supposed to have any “right to work“. This means, in effect, that although they do work, they are denied the right to organize and fight for better wages and conditions. Thu
26、s the role of women in the labor force undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union drive by threatening to hire lower paid women or blacks. In many cases, where women are organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position, making women the least loyal a
27、nd militant union members. (Standard Oil workers in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard Oil have the least chance for advancement and decent pay, and the union has done little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to work move that
28、eventually broke the strike.)In general, because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced into the most demeaning and mind rotting jobsfrom scrubbing floors to filing cardsunder the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children or slaves. Their very posi
29、tion reinforces the idea, even among the women themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of work.Apart from the direct, material exploitation of women, male supremacy acts in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The tendency of male workers to think of th
30、emselves primarily as men (i.e., powerful) rather than as workers (i.e., members of an oppressed group) promotes a false sense of privilege and power, and an identification with the world of men, including the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over their wives and families enables
31、 them to vent their anger and frustration in a way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family reinforces aggressive individualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view of social relationsvalues which are fundamental to the perpetuation (不朽) of capitalism. In this
32、system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the foreman intimidates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife, child, and dog.（分数：10.00）(1).Unfair working status of women also produces negative effects o
33、n men in that _.（分数：2.00）A.men face the threat of being replaced by low wage womenB.men have to deal with womens complaints all the timeC.womens low income often irritate their husbandsD.womens inferior working condition worries their husbands(2).The failure of the strike of Standard Oil workers sho
34、ws that _.（分数：2.00）A.when women are involved, strikes are bound to failB.passive women involvement in strikes makes success unlikelyC.women are not often firm enough in organized strikesD.most women are loyal and militant members of work unions(3).Many women also think they deserve oppressive jobs b
35、ecause _.（分数：2.00）A.they are taught by society to believe soB.their husbands do not expect them to have better jobsC.their poor conditions strengthen their mental acceptanceD.they gradually begin to love those jobs they do(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.male workers
36、are often treated as men instead of workers in companiesB.males anger and frustration are posing serious threat to our present systemC.it is quite natural for males to beat their wives, children and dogs for no reasonD.males dominating role in families eventually helps the stability of capitalist sy
37、stem(5).The best title for this passage might be _.（分数：2.00）A.Men and Women in CapitalismB.The Effects of Mens Supremacy on WomenC.Dictatorship and Women StrikeD.Womens Role in Work Union SuccessesPassage ThreeIt is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science i
38、t is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with
39、 the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have
40、 amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the
41、 human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far they are from being answered. Be
42、cause of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be tr
43、usted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness; to be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to th
44、e reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数：10.00）(1).The author claims that good science _.（分数：2.00）A.defies predictionB.should study the unknownC.should
45、discover scientific truthD.should offer choices rather than prescribe(2).It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _.（分数：2.00）A.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
46、C.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?（分数：2.00）A.They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They f
47、alsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understan(4).What is the authors attitude towards science?（分数：2.00）A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful b
48、ecause of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.(5).The author believes that _.（分数：2.00）A.man can find solutions sooner or later to wh
49、atever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchPassage FourLetting it out may be bad for your emotional health. Many people assume that sharing feelings openly and often is a positive ideal that promotes mental health. But some social critics and ps
