1、MBA 联考英语-17 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange (1) to use as money, (2) in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an (
2、3) necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their (4) , were used as money in some countries until recent (5) , and cakes of salt (6) buy goods in Borneo and Darts of Africa.Sea shells (7) as money at some time (8) another over the greater part of the Old World. These were (9) mainly from the beach
3、es of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded fight across the (10) from East to West.Metal, valued by weight, (11) coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries (12) paper money. I
4、t can either be exchanged (13) goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, (14) in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called “cash“. The (15) of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the ea
5、rliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays, coins and notes have (16) nearly all the more picturesque (17) of money, and (18) in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial (19) such as weddings and funerals, examples of (20) money will soon be f
6、ound only in museums.（分数：10.00）A.objectB.articleC.substanceD.categoryA.butB.andC.soD.evenA.abstractB.advantageC.abundantD.absoluteA.weightB.valueC.roleD.sizeA.timesB.eventsC.situationsD.conditionsA.evenB.alsoC.stillD.neverA.had been usedB.would be usedC.are usedD.would have been usedA.andB.butC.yetD
7、.orA.collectedB.producedC.grownD.raisedA.cityB.districtC.communityD.continentA.processedB.producedC.precededD.proceededA.in spite ofB.instead ofC.along withD.in line withA.againstB.asC.inD.forA.oftenB.seldomC.reallyD.muchA.earlierB.earliestC.betterD.bestA.replacedB.reproducedC.reflectedD.recoveredA.
8、sizesB.shapesC.formatsD.formsA.whileB.althoughC.becauseD.ifA.eventsB.gatheringsC.occasionsD.assemblesA.originalB.primitiveC.historicalD.crude二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many househol
9、d tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than
10、did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes.“If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantthat has happened in some caseswe are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is t
11、ime to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism“ but we dont want to exchange it for a “paternity“. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologi
12、sts, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the creditnor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mans plac
13、e in their home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Exc
14、essive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears shirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.（分数：10.00）(1).Notions of male superiority are_.（分数：2.00）A.maintained by most Amer
15、ican womenB.difficult to maintain in a home where the woman does most 0f the workC.difficult to maintain in a home where the father is the acknowledged ruler of the familyD.difficult to maintain in a home where household tasks are shared by the mother and father(2).The danger in the sharing of house
16、hold tasks by the mother and father is that_.（分数：2.00）A.the role of the father may become an inferior oneB.the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC.the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexesD.sharing leads to constant arguing(3).According to the author, the fath
17、ers role in the home is_.（分数：2.00）A.minor because he is an ineffectual parentB.irrelevant to the healthy development of the childC.pertinent to the healthy development of the childD.identical to the role of the childs mother(4).Today, people who specialize in family problems_.（分数：2.00）A.reaffirm the
18、 belief that a womans place is in the homeB.would reestablish the father as the autocratic ruler of the familyC.have concluded that todays delinquent children are the result of MomismD.are becoming more aware of the importance of the fathers role in the family(5).According to the author, the solutio
19、n to family problems_.（分数：2.00）A.is best left in the hands of social workersB.is similar in all familiesC.can be reached by following ironclad rulesD.needs to be reached by ways unique to each familyText 2Among the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speakingalso called orat
20、oryhas probably received more study and attracted more attention than any other. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily
21、work are often asked to make public speeches: students at graduation or at pep rallies, for instance, or members of churches, synagogues, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders.Public speaking is
22、 not informal conversation between two peoplenor is it free discussion in a small group or seminar. Speaking becomes public speaking when a person addresses a group of more than one, without interruption, and takes responsibility for the words and ideas being expressed. Public speaking always includ
23、es a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience that gives that speaker its attention, and a message meant to accomplish a purpose.There are many reasons for speaking in public. An orator may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic. Cre
24、ating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way.Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an
25、address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate in a televised debate, or interview. Spontaneo
26、us speaking of this type is called extemporaneous, or impromptu speaking.When they do not have to speak extemporaneously, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers
27、may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect u
28、pon its hearers.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, public speaking_.（分数：2.00）A.is performed merely by politicians, sales-people and preachersB.is one of the most important ways communicating through speechC.is not only an informal conversation but also a free discussionD.is a kind speaking perf
29、ormed by the public(2).All of the following are mentioned as possible purposes for public speaking EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.to bring out a good feeling and amuse the listenersB.to publicize new ideas or broadcast some informationC.to convince the audience of something or persuade the audience to do someth
30、ingD.to show off ones eloquence in public occasions(3).Public speakers_.（分数：2.00）A.often deliver speeches to the audience extemporaneouslyB.are usually not able to make preparations in advanceC.are not able to deliver a speech without preparationD.usually prepare their message ahead of schedule(4).T
31、he phrase “off the cuff“ (Line 3, Para. 4)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.off the subjectB.at randomC.without preparationD.out of breath(5).We can infer from the passage that the employed professional writers_.（分数：2.00）A.always work in groups to prepare speeches for their employersB.are given credit
32、 for the effect of the speech upon the audienceC.usually have no input into the contents of the speechD.may have indirect influence upon the listenersText 3Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes of our society.
33、 The federal budget determines the proportion of federal resources to be invested in social welfare programs and how these resources are distributed among competing programs. The budget is arrived at through a reiterative aggregative political process which mediates the claims of groups interested i
34、n health, education, welfare, and so on, thus socializing the continuing conflict generated by their separate aspirations. The test of whether a policy is “good“ under this system is whether it can marshal sufficient legitimacy and consent to provide a basis for cohesion and action. Technical criter
35、ia may play a role in the process, but the ultimate criteria are political and social.Whether a policy that is “good“ in the aggregate sense is also “good“ for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identical attributes, these criteria of goodness would produce identica
36、l outcomes. Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be.When a policy is not working, we normally assume that the policy is right in form but wrong in co
37、ntent. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symp
38、toms of failure as the old. We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworking policy is a surprise, and a surprise that can be corrected with some reorganized model. But if policies based on complex, aggregated information are always wrong wit
39、h respect to the preferences of every person to whom they apply, we should concentrate on limiting such policies to minima or “floors“. Rather than trying for better policies, we should try for fewer policies or more limited aggregated ones, such limitations could be designed to produce policies as
40、spare and minimal as possible, for the resources not consumed in their operation would then be usable in non-aggregative, person-specific waysthat is, in a disaggregated fashion. This will require more than just strengthened “local“ capacity; it will require the development of new procedures, instit
41、utions, roles, and expectations.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best states the central theme of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Policies designed to meet the needs of a large group of inherently people imperfect and should be scaled down.B.Policies created by the democratic process are less effective than
42、 policies designed by a single, concentrated body of authority.C.The effectiveness of a social policy depends more upon the manner in which the policy is administered than upon its initial design.D.Since policies created on the federal level are inherently ineffective, all federal social welfare pro
43、grams should be discontinued.(2).The test of whether a policy is successful in the aggregate sense is whether or not it_.（分数：2.00）A.satisfies the needs of the people to whom it appliesB.appeals to a sufficiently large number of peopleC.can be revised periodically in response to changing conditionsD.
44、can be administered by existing federal agencies(3).The word “aggregated“ (in the first sentence of the text) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.distinctiveB.collectiveC.adequateD.essential(4).What do people usually do when a policy goes wrong?（分数：2.00）A.Replacing it with an entirely new one.B.Remedying it
45、by reorganizing it.C.Discarding it and start all over.D.Limiting it to a minimal scale.(5).The author regards the use of aggregative policies as_.（分数：2.00）A.undesirable but sometimes necessaryB.wasteful and open to corruptionC.essential and praise worthyD.ill-conceived and unnecessaryText 4Every pro
46、duct on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or the
47、y would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of profits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs (and built in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage o
48、f the total cost.The markup may be quite high, 90 percent of cost, or it may be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink coats have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 per
49、cent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 percent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the product is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.Leader prici
